tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2814684940950413152024-03-08T08:58:26.700-08:00Cheap research paper writersArguementive Essay Topics About College FootballBodhi Holthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03111588115665737183noreply@blogger.comBlogger22125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-281468494095041315.post-53198647585831074292020-08-27T06:51:00.001-07:002020-08-27T06:51:03.473-07:00By the time Macbeth murders Duncan Essay Example for FreeWhen Macbeth murders Duncan Essay When Macbeth murders Duncan, he has just lost the fight for his spirit. Talk about this announcement and look at the elements which lead to his choice to slaughter the ruler. It is the point of this article to assess and decide the legitimacy of the above proclamation. I will inspect the variables which lead to Macbeths choice to slaughter the lord. The definition for a people soul is the otherworldly piece of them that should proceed after their body is dead. Individuals additionally use soul to allude to a people mind, character, musings and emotions. The fight for his spirit speaks to whether this individual submits to great or underhandedness. The elements that I will take a gander at specifically while thinking about what drove Macbeth to submit the homicide, are the witches and Lady Macbeth. The play starts with the witches who present Macbeth by saying they will meet him. There to meet with Macbeth. This is a compelling method to begin the play, as individuals were odd at that point. They put stock in witches and they accepted they were shrewd. One individual who was careful and inquisitive about such issues was James I and Shakespeare had composed this play for him. The explosive plot occurred the earlier year and James I was, subsequently, touchy and worried about future death endeavors. Shakespeare was composing for a group of people who were overwhelmingly Christian and who put stock in paradise and damnation; the manner in which somebody acted on earth would choose what befell them when they kicked the bucket. The spirit is significant in this play and this is the reason Macbeth may have been mainstream as individuals were keen on these things. In the event that somebody lost their spirit, they would be lost to God and would be sentenced to damnation forever. Macbeth jabbers about this in his sensational monologs. Duncan was a decent genuine ruler who had never really treat Macbeth as an old buddy. Duncan calls him worthiest cousin, which proposes the closeness of their relationship. Duncan is appreciative for Macbeths courage in fight. He says, I have started to plant thee and will work, to make thee brimming with developing. Duncan is stating he will effectively compensate him for being so fearless. Duncan is a generally excellent individual, Macbeth says, Duncan hath borne his resources so mild hath been so clear in his extraordinary office that his ethics will argue like heavenly attendant. Macbeth realizes that he was acceptable he despite everything killed him. Along these lines is no reason for what he has done. The King is Macbeths visitor so he ought to secure him, not assault him. There are various responses from Macbeth and Banquo to the witches forecasts. Banquo accepts that Macbeth will become lord since he has just become Thane of Cawdor, similarly as the witches had anticipated. He believes that it is unusual how the witches are helping them. Moreover, he accepts the witches will be benevolent to them and have their trust just to double-cross them later. He is plainly astonished and stays suspicious with regards to their goals. The diverse response by Macbeth is evident when he is stunned from the start in the wake of hearing what the witches need to state. He really accepts that he will become ruler as two of the forecasts have demonstrated precise. Things can just improve for Macbeth, or so he accepts. Macbeths assessment of the witches stays uncertain and he doesn't generally have a clue what to think about the strange sisters. There are clashing convictions that he has. Right off the bat, he accepts they are bad, yet on the off chance that they were terrible for what reason did they give him such achievement? It appears that he is starting to believe the witches when he considers the achievement that they have given to him. Banquo, then again, in a split second doubts them and accepts to win us to our mischief, the instruments of dimness reveal to us certainties. When Lady Macbeth gets Macbeths letter about the witchs forecasts she starts to design the homicide: Come, you spirits that tend on mortal contemplations, unsex me here and fill me from the crow to the toe top brimming with direst pitilessness. She needs to be loaded up with cold-bloodedness and needs insidious spirits to gangs her. She needs to lose her gentility and become masculine so she is equipped for the best pitilessness. She would like to lose her spirit so she doesn't feel regretful. The elements that lead Macbeth to slaughter the ruler are the witches, Lady Macbeth and his own character. The witches drove Macbeth to the homicide when they welcomed him and said All hail Macbeth, that will be above all else in the future. In the hour of the play it was accepted that witches could take evil ownership of individuals and cause them to do what they needed. Macbeth sees a knife not long before the homicide of Duncan. A few people may state that the witches put the picture before him to drive him into killing. In any case, Act 1, scene 1 recommends that there are cutoff points to the witchs powers; they can't slaughter. They talk about a woman who didn't give them nuts so they need to get her back, and furthermore her better half who is on a pontoon. Sick give thee wind. Sick channel him as dry as roughage. They express numerous things that they will do to him yet they don't specify executing him and this demonstrates demise isn't in their capacity. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have a decent relationship, they appear to jump on amazingly well together and when they are separated they miss one another. Later in the play Lady Macbeth starts to take control and turns out to be somewhat predominant. She can convince him to do anything. Macbeth concluded that he would not like to proceed with the homicide however Lady Macbeth talked him into it by considering him a defeatist and utilizing brutal words. Furthermore, live a defeatist in thine own confidence. She says this after Macbeth will not continue any further with the homicide. She is insulting and mortifying him. At the point when Macbeth convinces himself not to submit the homicide, We will continue no further around here, Lady Macbeth makes him adjust his perspective by considering him a weakling. She lets him know, When you durst do it, at that point you were a man. The suggestion being that he is done acting like a man. She discloses to him that on the off chance that he breaks this guarantee, he will break every single other guarantee including those made to her, Such I account thy love. All things considered, she asserts that she would prefer to run out the cerebrums of an infant at that point break such a guarantee. Shakespeare uses incredibly solid symbolism to underscore exactly how significant it is for her. In Macbeths sensational monolog he gives numerous reasons regarding why he wouldn't like to proceed with the homicide. Numerous contemplations are going through his mind, for example, the dread of Duncan returning as something awful in his next life. Furthermore, he thinks something awful will occur on the off chance that he proceeds with it. To torment th designer. This fair Justice He is conflicting with the deed of slaughtering the ruler. Solid both against the deed: at that point, as his host. He is a brother, thusly he can not slaughter someone on a similar side as him and this proposes it isn't care for him at all and he wouldn't like to end his life. At the point when Lady Macbeth enters he doesn't disclose to her these reasons however gives various ones through and through. He says the lord has been respecting him as of late and individuals have high assessments of him. Thusly, he needs to stay mainstream with individuals. Macbeth must execute Duncan with the goal that he can be above all else and have his spot. The witches disclosed to him that he would be top dog, however not really by killing him. At first the homicide has been conceived completely by Macbeth and not suggested by any other person. As Macbeth states, If chance will make them ruler, why chance me crown me, without mix. He is stating that on the off chance that he becomes ruler that is acceptable however he will do nothing to make himself lord. As he concedes, his solitary intention in the murdering is Vaulting desire. I will presently consider the idea of Macbeths sin. The wrongdoing that has been submitted is genuinely insidious, yet I don't accept that Macbeth is fundamentally shrewd. The way that Macbeth accepts that he will never be excused demonstrates he is really repentant. The main explanation Duncan was killed was for Macbeths individual addition. Macbeth had no genuine motivation to murder him, as the lord was a dear companion. There are numerous reasons that propose that Macbeth ought to never be pardoned for this. The homicide was without a second thought and it had been arranged and not submitted seemingly out of the blue. Macbeth would not like to proceed with it yet Lady Macbeth prompted him to do as such. This is the reason I trust Macbeth isn't insidious in light of the fact that he was headed to it. After the homicide the men of the hour were spread with blood to cause it to appear as though they had submitted the homicide. Toward the beginning of the day Macbeth murders them also imagining that he has carried on of savage love for Duncan. He does this to get himself in the clear and to maintain a strategic distance from doubt. Accordingly, the men of the hour can't deny submitting the homicide. Macbeth has murdered the lord. At that point, there was a conviction that lords were gotten onto the seat through Gods power (divine right) thus an assault on the rulers power was viewed as acting against Gods wishes. This is the explanation behind him to take a hike as God has repudiated him. Macbeth says, Hes here in twofold trust: first, as I am his brother and his subject, solid both against the deed; at that point as his host, who ought to against his killer shut the entryway, Not shoulder the blade myself. Macbeth realizes that what he has done isn't right as he ought to be caring for his visitor. After the homicide, Macbeth can't state the word Amen, But wherefore wouldn't I be able to articulate Amen I had most need of gift and Amen'. He feels that God has abandoned him as Amen implies god with us. He is attempting to keep his Christian confidence yet he accepts he is losing his spirit and that he will be destined to interminable condemnation. Macbeth feels that he can't rest in light of the fact that solitary the great rest. After the homicide has been submitted Lady Macbeth is quiet and doesn't feel any blame whatsoever. The way that she isn't sorry recommends that she is underhanded. Wash this soiled observer from your handsmear the sluggish grooms with blood. She provides him arranges as she wouldn't like to get captured and she needs someone el Bodhi Holthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03111588115665737183noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-281468494095041315.post-36310625650118706992020-08-22T11:01:00.001-07:002020-08-22T11:01:22.613-07:00Silver Chair Essays - Narnia, Aslan, Underland, The Silver ChairSilver Chair Envision that you are in an alternate world from earth, time is unique, what not living things around you can talk. While in this world you will experience the most astonishing experience that you would ever consider. That is exactly what occurs in the novel The Silver Chair. It is an activity pressed, and keeps you needing to peruse the entire way. The creator of the novel The Silver Chair is C.S. Lewis. The most notable books that C.S. Lewis has composed are The Chronicles of Narnia, which is comprised of seven books. This story happens in the present time. The experience in Narnia that these kids go on takes around 12 days, anyway on earth it resembles you had never left as time is distinctive in Narnia. For instance, in the event that you left to Narnia while shooting loops you would return to earth at that precise day and time when you were shooting circles. This story begins on a dull pre-winter day at an extraordinary school called the Experiment house. Supposedly on they are moved to a realized enchanted world called Narnia. While in Narnia the youngsters travel around a great deal and go to a few extraordinary places, they include: The Wild Waste Lands of the North, The Hill of the Strange Channels, The House of Harfang, and The Underland. The primary characters of this story are: Jill Pole, Eustace Scrubb, Puddleglum, Aslan, Prince Rilian, and The Sovereign of Underland. Jill Pole is a weak young lady that gets singled out at the Trial House who meets a disliked kid named Eustace Scrubb, and the two of them travel to the enchanted world Narnia. Here they meet Aslan, Lord of the entirety wood, and child of the Emperor over the ocean. Aslan is the Lion, the Great Lion. He goes back and forth as and when he satisfies; he comes to help control Jill and Eustace on their incredible experience. They likewise find support on their movements from a Bog squirm named Puddleglum, who helps direct the kids as they don't have the foggiest idea this knew world well. Ruler Rilian vanished when riding his pony in the woods around 10 years prior. The Queen of Underland is an awful green witch that is up to nothing but bad, living in the Underland of Narnia. This story begins at the youngsters' school (The Experiment House) where Jill and Eustace meet one another. They are both disagreeable youngsters who were concealing behind the rec center from the other sorts when they saw an opening in the divider. The opening appeared to be a section way, and toward the finish of this entry was an incredible lion. At this point the instructor's and understudies were searching for the youngsters, Jill and Eustace didn't need to remain so they went down this passage to meet this extraordinary lion Aslan. Eustace is sent to Narnia immediately yet Jill is deserted, Aslan clarifies that he let them come to Narnia in light of the fact that he needs their assistance. What had occurred was that the loathe ruler of Narnia was extremely old and required a substitution, the ruler has a child (Prince Rilian) yet he bafflingly vanished around 10 years prior. It was the two kids' business to discover Prince Rilian, and to do this they must follow the means that the lion tells Jill. Eustace and Jill get together in Narnia and set out on their excursion, from the get-go they meet a swamp wiggle(Puddgelum) who goes along with them on there extraordinary excursion. First they should venture out to the Wild Waste Terrains of the North or the Land of the Giants. It is extremely harsh territory and very cold, Jill and Eustace are biting the dust for a warm spot to remain. The three voyagers knock in to a delightful woman wearing green and a puzzling knight wearing dark, the woman clarify that they could remain with the mammoths. They would give food, materials, and a warm spot to remain, in light of the fact that Jill and Eustace are so eager what's more, worn out they choose to go to the castle(The House of Harfang). Puddgelum clarifies this may be a poorly conceived notion however they despite everything wind up going, while remaining there them three discover that the monsters are intending to eat them. They grain escape from the mammoths, and it was simply by accident that they slithered underground to the Underland. While in the Underland they meet a great deal of the little munchkin individuals, Bodhi Holthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03111588115665737183noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-281468494095041315.post-74498465620373927152020-08-21T08:43:00.001-07:002020-08-21T08:43:26.248-07:00Blog Archive Luxury Brand Management at the GCU British School of Fashion Blog Archive Luxury Brand Management at the GCU British School of Fashion In the fall of 2013, Scotlandâs Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU)â"known as a leader in fashion education since the 19th centuryâ"inaugurated a new fashion business school in London and soon after opened a satellite campus in New York City. Rather than focusing on the design aspect of fashion, however, the GCU British School of Fashion instead aims to offer a specialized business education with applications to the fashion industry, as the schoolâs director, Christopher Moore, explained in a FashionUnited article at the time the new campuses were being revealed: âThe remit of the School is clear: we are about the business of fashion. While there are other great international design schools, we are quite different. Our aim is to be a leading School for the business of fashion.â The British School of Fashionâs MBA in Luxury Brand Management program aims to impart industry tools and skills related to such topics as consumer behavior, globalization, and strategic management. The school also professes a commitment to social responsibility, sustainability, and fair trade as part of its core values. With support from a number of British fashion brands, which in the past have included Marks Spencer, House of Fraser, AllSaints, and the Arcadia Group, the schoolâs faculty also features a team of honorary professors and fashion industry leaders. Moore told the BBC, âOver the past decade, there has been a significant professionalization of the fashion sector, and there is now a need for high-quality fashion business graduates.â Share ThisTweet B-Schools Outside the Top 15 GCU British School of Fashion Bodhi Holthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03111588115665737183noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-281468494095041315.post-16343640929270913492020-05-25T10:51:00.001-07:002020-05-25T10:51:02.151-07:00Filipino Politician and President Rodrigo Duterte Roderigo Roa Duterte (born March 28, 1945) is a Filipino politician, and the 16th president of the Philippines, elected by a landslide on May 9, 2016.à Fast Facts: Rodrigo Roa Duterte Also Known As: Digong, RodyBorn: March 28, 1945, Maasin, PhilippinesParents: Vicente and Soledad Rao DuterteEducation: Law degree Lyceum of the Philippines UniversityExperience: Mayor of Davao City, 1988ââ¬â2016; President of the Phillippines 2016ââ¬âpresent.Spouse: Elizabeth Zimmerman (wife, 1973ââ¬â2000), Cielito Honeylet Avanceà ±a (partner, mid-1990s to present)à Children: 4Famous Quote: Forget the laws on human rights. If I make it to the presidential palace, I will do just what I did as mayor. You drug pushers, hold-up men and do-nothings, you better go out. Because Id kill you. Ill dump all of you into Manila Bay, and fatten all the fish there. Early Life Rodrigo Roa Duterte (also known as Digong and Rody) was born in the town of Maasin, in Southern Leyte, the eldest son of local politician Vicente Duterte (1911ââ¬â1968), and Soledad Roa (1916ââ¬â2012), a teacher and activist. He and two sisters (Jocellyn and Eleanor) and two brothers (Benjamin and Emmanuel) moved to Davao City when their father was made the governor of the now-defunct Davao province.à Education He attended high school at the Ateneo de Davao, where he has said he was a victim of sexual abuse by Rev. Mark Falvey, an American Jesuit priest who died in California in 1975ââ¬âin 2007, nine of his American victims were paid $16 million by the Jesuit church for Falveys abuse. Duterte was expelled from school for retaliating against another priest by filling a squirt gun with ink and spraying the priests white cassock. He skipped classes and has told audiences that it took him seven years to finish high school.à According to his own report, Duterte and his siblings were frequently beaten by his parents. He began carrying a gun at the age of 15. Despite the hardships and chaos of his younger life, Duterte studied political science at the Lyceum of the Philippines University, obtaining a law degree in 1968.à Marriage and Family In 1973, Duterte eloped with Elizabeth Zimmerman, a former flight attendant. They have three children Paolo, Sara, and Sebastian. That marriage was annulled in 2000.à He met Cielito Honeylet Avanceà ±a in the mid-1990s, and he considers her his second wife, although they have not married. They have one daughter, Veronica. Duterte has no official first lady but said during his presidential campaign that he had two wives and two girlfriends.à Political Career After graduation, Duterte practiced law in Davao City, and eventually became a prosecutor. In the mid-1980s, his mother Soledad was a leader in the Yellow Friday Movement against the Philippine dictator Ferdinand Marcos. After Corazon Aquino became the Philippine leader, she offered Soledad the post of vice-mayor of Davao City. Soledad asked that Rodrigo be given the position instead.à In 1988, Rodrigo Duterte ran for Mayor of Davao City and won, eventually serving seven terms over 22 years. Death Squads When Duterte took over the mayorship of Davao, the city was war-torn, the result of the Philippine Revolution leading to the ouster of Marcos. Duterte established tax breaks and pro-business policies, but at the same time, he founded his first death squad in Davao City in 1988. A small group of police officers and others were selected to hunt down and kill criminals; the membership eventually grew to 500. One of the men who has admitted to being on the squad reported that there were at least 1,400 or more people killed, with their bodies dumped in the sea, the river, or a different city. The man said he received 6,000 pesos for each of the fifty people he personally killed. A second man said he received orders from Duterte to kill at least 200 people, including political rivals, one of whom was journalist and outspoken critic, Jun Pala, in 2009.à Presidential Election On May 9, 2016, Duterte won the Philippine presidential election with 39 percent of the popular vote, far outweighing the four other candidates. During his campaign, he repeatedly promised to bring the practice of extrajudicial killing of drug users and other criminals to the country as a whole, and he has fulfilled that promise.à Social workers and police round up minors at night during curfew on June 8, 2016 in Manila, Philippines. Dondi Tawatao / Getty Images According to the Philippine National Police, from the time he assumed office on June 20, 2016, to January 2017, at least 7,000 Filipinos were killed: 4,000 of them were killed by police and 3,000 by self-described vigilantes. Legacy Human rights groups such as Human Rights Watch and others such as the International Criminal Court, the former U.S. President Barack Obama, and Pope Francis have been vocal in their criticism of Dutertes death squads of suspected drug users and pushers and other criminals.à As a result, Duterte has lashed out at those critics, in what are vulgar and racist terms. However, according to a recent biography by British journalist Jonathan Miller, his supporters call him Duterte Harry (a play on the Clint Eastwood character in the Dirty Harry movies). He currently has at least the tacit support of China and Russia.à In general but not entirely, Duterte is popular in the Philippines. Political journalists and academicians such as American political scientist Alfred McCoy consider Duterte a populist strongman, who like Marcos before him offers a promise of justice and stability, and one who is clearly not subject to the West, in particular, the United States. Sources President Rodrigo Roa Duterte. Ed. Bio, Presidents. Washington DC: Embassy of the Philippines, 2018. Print.Casteix, Joelle. Philippines CAââ¬âEx L.A. priest molested presidential candidate. SNAP Network, December 8, 2015.à Web.Lamb, Kate. Rodrigo Duterte: The President Warlord of the Philippines. The Guardian Nov. 11, 2017. Print.McCoy, Alfred W. Global Populism: A Lineage of Filipino Strongmen from Quezon to Marcos and Duterte. Kasarinlan: Philippine Journal of Third World Studies 32.1ââ¬â2 (2017): 7ââ¬â54. Print.McGurk, Rod. Biographer: Animosity toward Us Drives Duterte. Philadelphia Star June 2, 2018. Print.Miller, Jonathan. Rodrigo Duterte: Fire and Fury in the Philippines. London: Scribe Publications, 2018. Print.Paddock, Richard C. Becoming Duterte: The Making of a Philippine Strongman. The New York Times March 21, 2017. Print. Bodhi Holthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03111588115665737183noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-281468494095041315.post-49922689161485108952020-05-14T17:45:00.001-07:002020-05-14T17:45:02.960-07:00Questions When Appealing a College Dismissal Bodhi Holthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03111588115665737183noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-281468494095041315.post-30202569795470903072020-05-06T15:31:00.001-07:002020-05-06T15:31:09.217-07:00Comptoir Des Cotonniers - 6802 Words AUSTRALIAN MARKET 2010-2011 ------------------------------------------------- TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..p3 I. Internal Analysisâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦p4 2.1. SWOT Analysisâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..p5 2.2. The Ansoff matrix: Product/Market Strategiesâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.p8 2.3. Key Factors Analysisâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦p10 2.4. The Value Chain (Porter)â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.â⬠¦.â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..p11 II. External Analysisâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦p12 3.5. Market segmentationâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.â⬠¦.â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.p13 3.6. Products to be exportedâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.p14 3.7. Competitionâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Appendix 1: ââ¬ËKapferrer Brand Identity Prismââ¬â¢) | * Innovative marketing concept focuses on mother-daughter relationship (initial success): clothes that appeal to daughter and mother * Strong brand image (French fashion, elegance, chic), identity (authenticity, naturalness, proximity) and positioning * Close relationship with its customers: | * Get prisoner of its brand image and become old fashioned (as Lacoste) | Ressources commerciales * Product * Price * Place * Promotion | * Quality products, innovative amp; creative, fashion, chic, classic, modern * Large range (230 articles/collection) * New collections (kids, underwear) * Collections tested by designers before * Price scale (target more people) *Show MoreRelatedPresentation Marketing the Kooples1030 Words à |à 5 Pages 13 à octobre à 2010 à De à Villepin à -à â⬠à Gutharc à -à â⬠à Mar8ni à 1 à Sommaire à ï⠧â⬠¯ La à naissance à du à concept à ï⠧â⬠¯ Le à marchà © à : à cible à et à concurrents à ï⠧â⬠¯ Le à marke6ng à mix à ï⠧â⬠¯ Forces à et à faiblesses à ï⠧â⬠¯ Conclusion à et à recommanda6ons à 13 à octobre à 2010 à De à Villepin à -à â⬠à Gutharc à -à â⬠à Mar8ni à 2 à Une à histoire à de à famille à -à â⬠à 1972 Read MoreUniqlo Annual Report21563 Words à |à 87 PagesChairman, President CEO Our Group UNIQLO business Business model Products Production Stores People Overseas activities 6 11 14 14 16 18 20 22 23 CSR Corporate history Financial section Investor information Corporate information MA strategy COMPTOIR DES COTONNIERS FOOT PARK Theory 24 25 26 27 28 30 32 54 55 It all started here The origin of our ââ¬Å"anybody, anywhere, everydayâ⬠concept At UNIQLO, our goal is to offer casual wear that can be worn by anybody, anywhere, everyday. This basic concept hasRead MoreTaking a Look at UNIQLO514 Words à |à 2 Pagesevolutionary garments such as Heat-Tech and the Ultra-Light Down, which have contributed in gaining a reputable image for the retailer within the world of fashion. Current State of Retailer Fast Retailing Group owns UNIQLO, GU, Theory, Comptoir des Cotonniers, Princesse tam.tam., Helmut Lang and J Brand. In 2014, UNIQLO is celebrating their 30th Anniversary. They are currently ranked among the top five global retailers, joining Inditex (ZARA), HM, GAP and Limited Brands (Figure 2). By AugustRead MoreExternal Environment Sportswear Market2250 Words à |à 9 Pagescomfortable but not sportswear. Adidas counts in its indirect competitors Zara or HM, which offer casual clothes for leisure activities. In this way, the brand experiences more and more competition. Some brands such as Gap, Esprit, Roxy, Comptoir des Cotonniers or Abercrombie and Fitch (soon available in France) develop their collection in a sportswear range. Those brands propose real ââ¬Å"fashion-productsâ⬠which are meeting customerââ¬â¢s needs in style and comfort. Direct competition We are workingRead MoreStrategic of HM4405 Words à |à 18 Pagesfirms like HM and it represents a kind of confrontation with governments. Economic: The firm is well integrated to the global market and chooses strategic places to sell its products (big cities, malls) = In Paris, rue de Rivoli for example; and the opening of a store on the Avenue des Champs-Elysà ©es is being negotiated. The firm adapts its production to different consumers. HM offers its consumers fashion and quality at best prices. In 2007, HM has also created a new chain of stores: COS (collectionRead MoreZara vs. Uniqlo Essay6859 Words à |à 28 Pagesmodel UNIQLO have been allowed achieved phenomenal growth. They have done this by â⬠¢ â⬠¢ Tam, Expanding operations to major cities around the globe. Mergers and Acquisitions: Over the yearââ¬â¢s fast retailing have acquired Princess Tam. Theory and COMPTOIR DES COTONNIERS, Cabin and Gov retailing. The acquisition of Gov retailing provided UNIQLO with the know how to launch UNIQLO shoes. All the companies acquired had women as their primary market segment. (Annual report 2009) â⬠¢ Diversifying into new products: Bodhi Holthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03111588115665737183noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-281468494095041315.post-51326671409461740412020-05-05T17:28:00.001-07:002020-05-05T17:28:21.620-07:00Economic Models and PED Question: Discuss about the Economic Models and PED. Answer: Introduction: An economic model entails a simplified depiction of reality meant to provide hypotheses concerning economic behavior which can be tested (Arnold, 2013). Economists use an economic model a tool for predicting future changes in the economy. In a nutshell, economists measure past associations among variables like tax rates, consumer spending, employment, household income and interest rates and then attempt to predict how variations in some factors will influence the future trend of others (Elliott Timmermann, 2016). Although the forecast from the econometric models may not be accurate, the information yielded from these models is important to the activities and functioning of the government. Therefore, the argument that economic models are false and so government should ignore their predictions is not reasonable. Econometric makes use of mathematics, statistical inference, and economic theory to quantify an economic event. Therefore, it translates theoretical economic models into a crucial tool of policymaking that forms the basis for government operations (Hansen Sargent, 2014). For example, when formulating the monetary policy, the central bankers need to understand the possible effect of variations in the official interest rate on the Gross Domestic Product and inflation levels. In such scenarios, economic models are essential tools in availing the required background information through prediction. More importantly, the economic models build structure and eliminate unfocused thinking by compelling econometricians to formalize ideas that may be based mainly on intuition (Gillespie, 2014). Furthermore, economic models possess an abundance of predictive successes. The models are valuable tools that assist the government to examine, formulate and comprehend interactive correlations in the economy (Mankiw, 2014). The gravity model is a useful example of the model applied to the international trade to offer predictions insights. The model provides forecasts on bilateral trade flows based on economic dimensions and distance between two units. For instance, the gravity model is used to determine the impact of treaties and alliance on the trade activities. From an empirical perspective, the gravity model has been a great success. In summary, economic models may have some limitations, but that does not mean they should be ignored when making important decisions about the economy. The models provide important guidance to the operations and activities of the government (Bergeijk Brakman, 2010). Price Elasticity of Demand Price elasticity of demand is a common term used in economics when analyzing the responsiveness of price. It is a measure of the association between a variation in the amount demanded of a given commodity and a fluctuation in its price. If a small variation in the price is associated with a large change in the amount purchased, then the good is said to be elastic, that is, responsive to price variations. On the other hand, in case a significant deviation in the price is associated with a small change of quantity demanded, then the good or service is said to be inelastic (McTaggart, Findlay, Parkin, 2015). This section of the paper concentrates on the estimates of price elasticity of demand of cereals, vegetable oils, and milk. The price elasticity of demand estimates of these products is extracted from an accounting journal titled Demand Analysis for Major Consumer Commodities in Jordan. The price elasticity of demand for cereals is estimated at -0.51 (Haddad, 2013). Since this coefficient is less than one, the price elasticity of demand for cereals is said to be inelastic. Therefore, a significant change in the price of grains will result in a small shift in the cereals bought. More precisely, 1% increase in the price of grains will lead to 0.51% drop in cereals demanded by the clients. The correlation between cereals and price obeys the law of demand. Moreover, the sellers of cereals in the market can increase their revenues by raising the price because the cereals are less responsive to changes in the price. The relationship between cereals demanded, and its price shows that this product is a necessity. The grains are vital for life, and the individuals in this particular community must buy them even if the prices shoot up. P1-P2 is greater than Q1-Q2, that is, a big change in the price of cereals (P1-P2) results in a small variation in the quantity of cereals purchased (Q1-Q2) The price elasticity of demand for Vegetable oils is estimated at -0.01 (Haddad, 2013). Like the cereals, the price elasticity of vegetable oils is inelastic. However, the PED for vegetable oils is more inelastic than that of cereals. A huge deviation in the price of vegetable oils will result in a small variation in the quantity of vegetable oil demanded by this group of consumers. A 1% increase in the price of vegetable oils will cause a 0.01% decrease in vegetable oils demanded. The negative sign on the coefficient of vegetable PED exhibits that the association between vegetable oils and its price agrees with the law of demand. Likewise, the distributors of the vegetable oils can freely increase the prices to maximize their revenues since this particular product is highly irresponsive to changes in the price. The price elasticity of demand for this commodity indicates that the commodity is an essential. Whether the prices increases or drops, individuals will still buy the vegetable oil. A huge change in the price of vegetable oils (P1-P2) leads to a small change in the quantity of vegetable oil demanded (Q1-Q2). The price elasticity of milk oils is estimated at -0.06 (Haddad, 2013). This coefficient shows that the PED for this good is inelastic. Milk is highly irresponsive to price changes than the cereals. Like the other two commodities, a substantial deviation in the price of milk will cause a slight fluctuation of milk bought. A 1% increase in the price of milk will result in a 0.01% decline in the quantity of milk purchased. Since milk is highly irresponsive to price changes, the farmers can increase their revenues by raising the prices of milk. The association that exists between milk and the price clearly shows that estimate complies with economic theory. Moreover, the price elasticity of this product is determined by the necessity nature of this commodity. Consumers will continue to purchase milk even if the farmers hike the price. A large change in the price of milk (P1-P2) results in a small variation in the amount of milk purchased (Q1-Q2). References Arnold, R. A. (2013). Economics. Mason, Ohio: South-Western. Bergeijk, P. A., Brakman, S. (2010). The gravity model in international trade : advances and applications. Cambridge [u.a.]: Cambridge Univ. Press . Elliott, G., Timmermann, A. (2016). Economi forecasting. Princeton and Oxford Princeton University Press . Gillespie, A. (2014). Foundations of economics. Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press. Haddad, A. M. (2013). Demand Analysis for Major Consumer Commodities in Jordan. Journal Of Accounting, Business Management, 20(2) , 33-64. Hansen, L. P., Sargent, T. J. (2014). Uncertainty within economic models. Hackensack, New Jersey : World Scientific. Mankiw, N. G. (2014). Principles of economics. Stamford, CT : Cengage Learning. McTaggart, D., Findlay, C. C., Parkin, M. (2015). Economics. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W: Pearson. Bodhi Holthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03111588115665737183noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-281468494095041315.post-41716693953531426142020-04-10T07:38:00.001-07:002020-04-10T07:38:04.299-07:00Citizen Participation in the Budgetary Accountability Introduction Citizensââ¬â¢ participation in the budgetary and financial processes is aimed at ensuring good governance, provision of public goods and general accountability1. There are three fundamental reasons behind the attempts to increase citizensââ¬â¢ participation in the matters of governance and policy-making.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Citizen Participation in the Budgetary Accountability specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First, civil society and non-governmental organizations (NGOââ¬â¢s) are increasingly calling for the participation of the stakeholders in political matters and policy-making decisions. Citizens are clamouring for access to information and the right to participate in local and national matters. In addition, the current democratic processes demand for open governance, transparency in policy decisions and open budgetary processes2. Second, reformist lawmakers and government off icials, seeking to approve the authenticity and capability of the civil society in solving social-political and economic challenges, are increasingly supporting citizensââ¬â¢ participation. This is driven by both political and policy incentives. Direct subject support can give extra authenticity to help reformist governments modify budgetary needs3. Besides, coordinate investment guarantees a steady stream of data between the state agencies, natives and common society, hence lessens the cost of exchanging data.4. Reformist governments also advance participatory venues in light of the fact that this helps them to assemble a political base that may be actuated amid constituent procedures5. Last but not least, direct participation can help the policymakers monitor strategy execution at the local level, consequently improving the probability that governmentââ¬â¢s strategy changes are actualized accurately.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help y ou! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By involving citizens in the budgetary processes both at the local and national level, the government can enhance its capacity due to extra mechanism to improve accountability6. Third, global organizations, for instance, the IMF and World Bank have been advocating for increased participation of citizens in policy decisions and budgetary processes. The main reason for this is to enhance the governmentââ¬â¢s capacity, which is progressively perceived to be essential in achieving long term goals and objectives. Direct citizen participation enhances state capacity by improving the quality of inputs at the same time letting citizens to play the role of a watchdog. Worldwide associations also support direct native investment as a method of engaging the common man and creating a compact social capital. The global organizations believe that citizens and civil societies can hold the government accountable for the use of public reso urces, hence ensuring that donor funds are used for the intended purpose7. An ongoing concept that cuts across these organizations is that they are looking for ways of designing institutions that can bring the citizens together in order to take part in solving key policy issues and governance challenges. Institutional planners have made an expansive scope of rules and strategies that address an array of societal and policy issues. In each case, they are trying everything possible to ensure that the government and citizens work together for a common good8. The citizenââ¬â¢s participation is highly regarded not because there are benefits linked to their full participation in the local and national matters, but it is supported because their increased participation can enhance the nature of governance and the general welfare of the people.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Citizen Participation in the Budgetary Accountability specifically for you for on ly $16.05 $11/page Learn More For that reason, direct engagement of citizens is the best way of solving key policy issues and governance challenges9. Enhancing the quality of engagement is progressively entangled with attempts to advance straightforwardness in the working of governments and private sector. Transparency call for public officials to give prompt and relevant information that can be utilized by citizens and civil society10. In any case, transparency endeavours need to be connected to participation on the ground since the release of information is simply the initial step11. Direct participation is crucial since it guarantees a high level of transparency. In addition, it ensures that the criteria of choosing pertinent data and the schedule of its release are not left to the discretion of public officers. More extensively, collaboration is imperative so that the accessible data can be used to make elective arrangements and strategies. After all, lack of acce ss to vital information in the context of disinterested or detached citizens and civil society will not bring about progressed government approaches and policy solutions12. Natives and common society represent the interest side of policy deliberation. Hence, they give elective answers to approach issues. The other side is represented by policies initiated by the government and international donors aimed at solving policy challenges. The demand and supply sides are models that were adapted to fit into the field of socioeconomic development. Therefore, in the wider scope of this essay, transparency will be conceptualized as what the regime needs to provide or avail to improve accountability.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, participation will be conceptualized as the activities that the citizens and civil society need to take part in so as to improve accountability13. Improved accountability calls for greater collaboration between state agencies, government officials, civil society and the general public. State authorities must be ready to permit their activities to be investigated by non-governmental organizations and civil society. Correspondingly, citizens and civil society must be prepared to dedicate their time and vitality to meticulously inspect the exercises of state.14. Accountability can be established when state departments and agencies are ready to be investigated to win public trust or gain a political mileage. In addition, governments may be ready to support transparency in those ranges where they accept that accountability would be politically beneficial, which implies that the public and civil society should put more pressure on the government to avail all the necessa ry information15. This essay will have two fundamental objectives. The first objective is to introduce a framework that can help to understand how citizens and civil society can participate in the budgetary process and other financial initiatives. The explanation behind presenting this framework is that it will explore diverse courses through which citizens and civil societies are integrated into key government decisions. The second objective is to apply it on the two countries to show how and why they have embraced diverse establishments and strategies. The second objective will attempt to establish the reasons and objectives behind the initiatives. Citizen Participation Citizens participate in a mixed bag of institutions. In law based administrations, citizens vote to choose delegates at neighbourhood, territorial, and national levels. Citizens might likewise vote in unique decisions, for example, submissions, plebiscites or reviews. In addition, citizens may influence elected lea ders by operating within certain establishments or engaging in activities such as campaigns, arranging appeal drives, and coming up with certain policy propositions. Therefore, participation is a progressing action in which residents work together to advance their interests16. As a matter of fact, there are numerous ways through which citizens can influence formal arrangements. They can make use of the institutions, court procedures and public protests to place their case on government officials. Petulant legislative issues have a tendency to be utilized more regularly by citizens who need access to open establishments or lack political representatives17. There are four principal aspects of the citizen participation process, namely: voice, scrutiny, voting and rescission. Besides the mentioned participatory venues, citizens can also utilize other venues such as, opinion through the ballot, controversial politics, campaigns and neighbourhood initiatives18. However, our emphasis will be on the ways through which citizens take part in budgetary accountability. This is represented by the four principal aspects of citizensââ¬â¢ participation. Voice refers to the capacity of citizens to communicate their thoughts, inclinations, and sentiments within and outside the institutions sanctioned by the government. At the highest level, citizens and civil societies can use this facet of participation to extend the scope of issues that are being tended to by the existing institutions. The issue can touch on specific policy problem. Public debates are some of the venues that can be used by citizens to express their voice. The formal gatherings permit citizens and civil societies to fortify their arrangements, as well as be incorporated in the prescribed networks19. On the other hand, scrutiny is the capacity of citizens to audit archives and data given by government institutions and agencies. These archives may incorporate policy proposals, contract negotiations, income ac cumulation, progressive execution of open work tasks, and project conclusion20. Citizens are required to have fundamental skills necessary for analysing and reporting the data provided by the government. When the citizens have the necessary skills to dissect government policies, their voice may be more focused and agenda-driven. The scrutiny procedure enables citizens to link up with the government and its partners on specific issues touching on government recommendations21. In some cases, citizens are given liberty to vote for government policy proposals. The votes can either be binding or consultative. A binding vote can either rebuff or approve policy proposals and, therefore, is the most powerful form of vote. A binding vote provides execution powers. On the contrary, a consultative vote is simply an opinion over the general proposed policy. It does not warrant a direct action. However, it can have a considerable impact on policy decisions, especially when the voting process is sanctioned by the government. Both binding and consultative vote calls for an establishment that can help in building residentsââ¬â¢ voice and verifying techniques. Citizens and civil societies can be able to practice more robust, and informed voting only when the aforementioned condition is met22. Citizens and civil society can have the power to rescind government proposals, annual reports and audit reports. This power is a kind of vote, yet is different on the grounds that citizens and civil society are not voting in favour of particular strategy recommendations, but are dismissing government projects and operations. This is like the presidential veto, where the head of state can rebuff enactment of particular laws or policies. This kind of power clearly expands on voice and scrutiny. Citizens and civil society can make more use of this power to comprehend government policy proposals or activities. Veto power and voice can be useful in generating support both within and outside the public domain23. In entirety, the four aspects of participation offer a means to evaluate how public institutions engage citizens and civil societies in the budgetary and fiscal processes. Citizens and civil societies have different powers in these institutions. Sometimes, citizens have the power to articulate their views and concerns, which is a vital development. In other cases, citizens are more involved in the implementation and monitoring process, which is likewise an imperative development. The four aspects of participation are the best examples of how the government, citizens and civil society interact or engage each other in matters of public interest24. The Civil Society The civil society is normally comprised of ordinary citizens, community heads, institutions that represent the people, professionals from different fields, socio-political movements, and non-administrative associations among others. These groups are very different from government officials. They have d iverse forms of authority, which is associated with their expertise and moral basis of their claims25. A standout amongst the most widely recognized political inquiries in participatory foundations is ââ¬Å"who are the genuine representatives of civil society?â⬠. There is no simple answer to this question due to the diverse nature of civil society. Governments planning to create new institutions for engaging citizens need to place this question at the beginning of every dialogue as they create new establishments. As the administration tries to fabricate new establishments, it must address the following issues that have been with us since time immemorial: Should choices be in light of the tenet of the lionââ¬â¢s share? In what manner can the enthusiasm of the minorities, be dealt with? Should engagement be in light of individual or gathering premise? What are the essential skills required in order to participate in the decision-making process? When should the participating i nstitutions concede to the opinions of experts or leaders? Do citizens have the power to sanction or reject government initiatives? Assuming this is the case, do these powers have a limit? Common citizens are most likely to be included in decisions made at local or sub-national level due to their broad knowledge of local affairs, but limited skills. They can help public officials make informed decisions when allocating local resources. Some of the initiatives sanctioned by the government to expand citizen participation include annual budget conference and communal projects. The mobilization can be done by community heads26. At the national level, more emphasis is placed on individuals with legal or technical expertise. As a result, these individuals are always involved directly in the budget implementation and monitoring process. They can participate in the budgetary process in two ways. First, they can take part in the local discussions, but their proposals and interests are transf erred to the national summit. Second, they can articulate their ideas and interests in extremely wide terms, enabling them to be supportive of the general arrangement. Nevertheless, there can be a huge difference in the sort of voice exercised by citizens, from voting on the choice of particular items to general items that are of priority. The civil society and organizations representing the will and interests of the people normally take part directly in national-level policies and budget talks. Individual citizens are less likely to take part in national-level debates, but can take part in countrywide processes27. Case Studies Many regimes now engage nationals in policy decisions. To understand how governments engage their citizens in policy decisions, we will carry out a case study of two countries. In this case, the two nations are Brazil and Philippines. The selection of the two cases has turned out to be very fruitful since the two nations are currently using a wide range of pr ograms to enhance transparency, involvement and accountability. It is important to note that Brazil and Philippines are on the excellent path of reform, and this will help in comprehending the conceivable outcomes and parameters of progress. There are a number of significant similarities among the two nations that will be of great help in explaining why the two governments are increasing citizen participation and encouraging transparency. Each of them had a tyrant administration from 1960s to 1980s. They swung to law based governance in the late 1980s and have remained so until now. Moreover, the two nations have seen the resurrection of non-state actors, proclamation of the new constitution and advancement of devolution. Brazil: Citizen Participation in the Budgetary Accountability Major reforms in Brazil started with President Cradoso who expanded Brazilââ¬â¢s capacity to promote transparency and accountability through mass participation. He began by building institutions, priv atising state-owned companies and demanding a thorough clean up in the public sector. He also introduced the fiscal responsibility law, which provided a framework of spending government resources and mechanism for guaranteeing budgetary transparency28. In the past three decades, the country has expanded a number of participatory venues, which allows citizens to take part in an array of policymaking decisions. There are four fundamental institutions that permit citizens to take part in the budgetary process. These institutions include Public Policy Management Councils (PPMCs), Public Policy Conferences (PPC), Pluriannual Budget Planning (PBP), and Participatory Budgeting (PB). PPMC, PPC and PBP are embraced from the local to national level. However, PB is only adopted at the municipal level29. Participatory budgeting is a year-long process that brings together municipal official and citizens to decide over capital spending on the current and future projects. PB has been adopted by nu merous municipalities and participants are mainly volunteers. The table below demonstrates PB programs between 1989 and 2012 in municipalities with over 50 thousand inhabitants. Over 50 percent of the PB cases were managed by workers unions, which highlight the role of politics in the adoption of PB. As a matter of fact, PB has attracted very many youths into political positions30. As already been mentioned, PPMCs are established at all levels of the government. Currently, the country has approximately 70000 councils at the district level. Generally, the councilââ¬â¢s top seats are shared equally between the state and non-state actors. The council has the power to sanction or reject the budgetary process through a vote and, therefore, it has the veto power. Truth be told, PPMCs is being utilized as a condition by the administration for disbursing national resources. 31. The table below shows the explosion of PPMCS in the last decades. The increase in the number of councils is ma inly attributed to the federal government that had made it mandatory for all public institutions and organizations to have a management council. However, some public institutions and organizations adopted it voluntarily32. Pluriannual Budget Planning (PBP) is a national level budgetary planning process introduced by President Lula da Silva. This was after a number of reports showed that the country had heavily invested in sub-national level programs and was lacking in national-level programs. Pluriannual Budget Planning, which is conducted yearly, was premised on the PPMCsââ¬â¢ model. The ministry of planning is tasked with the responsibility of providing all the pertinent data. It comprises of representatives from different sectors, including the civil society, private sector and state officials. The participants are directly involved in the budgetary process. However, there is no information accessible to recommend that the arrangements are actualized by the government33. Publ ic Policy Conferences (PPC) also known as the national policy conferences attract millions of participants. In the last 75 conferences, it has attracted more than 8 million participants. These conferences have given millions of Brazilians a platform to participate in the policymaking decisions. These conferences focus on a wide range of subjects, including transparency and social control, federal budgetary processes, human rights and many more. Nevertheless, the countryââ¬â¢s expansive federal states make it very hard to establish the level of transparency and accountability in the public sector. However, the countryââ¬Ës emphasis is to incorporate as many citizens in the budgetary accountability and transparency programs34. Philippines: Citizen Participation in the Budgetary Accountability Philippine is one of the countries with the greatest devotion in advancing citizen participation and transparency. The current presidentââ¬â¢s campaign platform was to stop corruption an d destitution. By associating corruption to all the problems facing the country, he drew attention to all the fundamental subjects of governance. Therefore, the core agenda of the current regime is tackling corruption, especially in the public sector. Importantly, the core elements of enhancing the quality of governance include direct engagement and giving more power to the citizens. Besides eliminating corruption in the public sector, the countryââ¬â¢s reform agenda include establishments of new institutions that will generate new prospects to alter the pattern of public expenditure and ensure transparency and accountability35. Due to lack of high level state capacity and pervasive civil society as witnessed in Brazil, the Philippines used a diverse participatory strategy. They are less likely to adopt citizen-based strategies used in Brazil due to the disintegration of its social fabric and low capacity of its citizens. As a result, they are mixing citizen-based strategies, usu ally at the sub-national level, with extensive engagement of civil societies36. The deliberate efforts of the Philippines government to increase citizensââ¬â¢ participation in the budgetary process and ensure accountability in the public sector include National Fund for Participatory Governance, Base-Up Budgeting, Budget Partnership Accord, Complete Disclosure Strategy, and Citizen Engagement Review37. Base-Up Budgeting was borrowed from Latin America. It involves engaging rural community movements and individual citizens in determining funds to be allocated at the local level. This leads to the creation of a local poverty reduction team to implement and monitor funded projects. The team comprises of the communal chiefs, state representatives and common organizations. Base-Up approach targets poor communities. As of 2013, more than 1100 poor municipal communities had adopted the approach with the government allocating in excess of $190 million for the projects38. Budget Partnersh ip Accord brings together agencies and the civil society in the preparation of the budget. This allows the government and the civil society to work closely in identifying priority projects. The civil society is also involved in the implementation process. Base-Up Budgeting and Budget Partnership Accord have been commended by the international community as the best methods of empowering citizens39. National Fund is a stipend given by the Treasury to non-state actors to bolster cooperation of subjects and the administration in national matters. As a result, the civil society acts as intermediate finance managers40. On the other hand, Complete Disclosure Strategy is a reward system exemplifying all facets of accountability and transparency at the local government units. It requires full disclosure of information to the public. In order to advance this, the administration has dispatched an online entry where all the administrative data can be accessed by the citizens. 41. To wrap things up, the Citizen Engagement Review is an institutional body that unites intrigued nationals and state authorities. This body enhances access to government information necessary for the implementation and evaluation of the budget process42. Comparing and evaluating the two cases The programs aimed at increasing citizensââ¬â¢ participation in governance and accountability in the Philippines have created two changes. First, more citizens are joining state-approved institutions to play some part in governance and decision making. Second, the government has increased the number participatory institutions to promote citizenââ¬â¢s participation in the local and national affairs, particularly in the budgeting and fiscal processes. However, in comparison to Brazil, Philippine is still lagging behind with respect to structural foundations that support citizensââ¬â¢ participation and accountability. This means the country is more likely to make significant policy changes in the near f uture. The disparity is attributed to the fact that the Brazilââ¬â¢s reform process started like three decades ago, whereas the Philippines process has only lasted a decade. In addition, Philippines lack high level state capacity and pervasive civil society. Lastly, the country is less reliant on experts owing to the fact that the governmentââ¬â¢s main agenda is citizen empowerment. As a result, it employs mixed strategies that incorporate citizens at the sub-national level and civil societies at the highest level. Conclusion From the analysis of the two countries, it is apparent that four facets affect citizenââ¬â¢s participation in the budgetary process. The first factor is the political will of the existing regime. The second factor is the organization of the civil society. The third factor is the stateââ¬â¢s capacity. The last factor is the path of policy reforms. Citizens and the civil society can either support or challenge government decisions. As a result, citize ns and civil society can work together with the government, but also hold it to account for public resources. The citizen participation process is based on four principal aspects, namely: voice, scrutiny, voting and rescission. The Brazilian process incorporates all the four aspects. However, the Philippines do not have the veto power. Nevertheless, whatever the methodology utilized, the fundamental target is to expand resident support and enhance straightforwardness and responsibility. The participatory initiatives in Brazil and Philippines are mainly driven by politics and reform agenda. Even though non-state actors have played a role in pushing the two governments to expand citizen participation, there is no evidence to suggest that they have been pushed by international organizations. Bibliography Alt, J. E. Lassen, D., ââ¬ËTransparency, Political Polarization, and Political Budget Cycles in OECD Countriesââ¬â¢, American Journal of Political Science, vol. 50, no. 3, 2006, pp. 530ââ¬â50. Avritzer, L., Democracy and the Public Space in Latin America, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2002. Carltz, R., Improving Transparency and Accountability in the Budget Process: An Assessment of Recent Initiatives, University of California, Los Angeles, 2013. de Renzio, P. Masud, H., ââ¬ËMeasuring and Promoting Budget Transparency: The Open Budget Index as a Research and Advocacy Toolââ¬â¢, Governance, vol. 24, no. 3, 2011, pp. 607ââ¬â16. de Renzio, P. Angemi, D., ââ¬ËComrades or Culprits? Donor Engagement and Budget Transparency in Aid-Dependent Countriesââ¬â¢, Public Administration and Development, vol. 32, no. 2, 2011, pp.167ââ¬â80. Ferraz, C. Finan, F., ââ¬ËExposing Corrupt Politicians: The Effects of Brazilââ¬â¢s Publicly Released Audits on Electoral Outcomesââ¬â¢, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.123, no. 2, 2012, pp. 703ââ¬â45. Fung, A., Mary, G. David, W., Full Disclosure: The Perils and Promise of Transparen cy, Cambridge University Press, 2007. Gianpaolo, B., Heller, P. Silva, M., Bootstrapping Democracy: Transforming Local Governance and Civil Society in Brazil, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2011. Hunter, W., ââ¬ËThe Normalization of an Anomaly: The Workersââ¬â¢ Party in Brazilââ¬â¢,à World Politics, vol. 59, 2007, pp.440ââ¬â75. IMF, Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency, International Monetary Fund, Washington, 2007. Magno, F., Country Report: The Philippines, Global Initiative for Fiscal Transparency, 2013. McNulty, S., Voice and Vote: Decentralization and Participation in Post-Fujimori Peru, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2011. Montero, A. P. David, J.S., Decentralization and Democracy in Latin America, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, 2004. Wampler, B., Participatory Budgeting in Brazil: Contestation, Cooperation, and Accountability, Pennsylvania State University Press, Pennsylvania, 2007. Wampler, B., Participation, Transparency an d Accountability, Global Initiative for Fiscal Transparency, 2013. Footnotes 1 J. E. Alt D. Lassen, ââ¬ËTransparency, Political Polarization, and Political Budget Cycles in OECD Countriesââ¬â¢, American Journal of Political Science, vol. 50, no. 3, 2006, p. 531. 2 B. Gianpaolo, P. Heller M. Silva, Bootstrapping Democracy: Transforming Local Governance and Civil Society in Brazil, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2011, p. 5. 3 R. Carltz, Improving Transparency and Accountability in the Budget Process: An Assessment of Recent Initiatives, University of California, Los Angeles, 2013, p. 28. 4 Carltz, p. 32. 5 Alt Lassen, p. 541. 6 P. de Renzio H. Masud, ââ¬ËMeasuring and Promoting Budget Transparency: The Open Budget Index as a Research and Advocacy Toolââ¬â¢, Governance, vol. 24, no. 3, 2011, p. 609. 7 P. de Renzio D. Angemi, ââ¬ËComrades or Culprits? Donor Engagement and Budget Transparency in Aid-Dependent Countriesââ¬â¢, Public Administration and Developm ent, vol. 32, no. 2, 2012, pp.170. 8 IMF, Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency, International Monetary Fund, Washington, 2007, p. 13. 9 B. Wampler, Participation, Transparency and Accountability, Global Initiative for Fiscal Transparency, 2013, p. 98. 10 L. Avritzer, Democracy and the Public Space in Latin America, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2002, p.11. 11 Ibid. 12 Carltz, p. 35. 13 Ibid. 14C. Ferraz F. Finan, Exposing Corrupt Politicians: The Effects of Brazilââ¬â¢s Publicly Released Audits on Electoral Outcomesââ¬â¢, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.123, no. 2, 2008, p. 707. 15 W. Hunter, ââ¬ËThe Normalization of an Anomaly: The Workersââ¬â¢ Party in Brazilââ¬â¢, World Politics, vol. 59, 2007, p.453. 16 A.P. Montero J.S. David, Decentralization and Democracy in Latin America, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Press, 2004, p.7. 17 B. Wampler, Participation, Transparency and Accountability, Global Initiative for Fiscal Transparency, 2013, p. 102. 18 S. McNulty, Voice and Vote: Decentralization and Participation in Post-Fujimori Peru, Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2011, p.6. 19 McNulty, p. 8. 20 Ibid. 21 McNulty, p. 9. 22 Ibid. 23 B.Wampler, Participatory Budgeting in Brazil: Contestation, Cooperation, and Accountability, State University Press, Pennsylvania, 2007, p. 28. 24 Wampler, p.30. 25 Gianpaolo, Heller Silva, p. 7. 26 Ibid. 27 Gianpaolo, Heller Silva, p. 10. 28 B. Wampler, Participatory Budgeting in Brazil: Contestation, Cooperation, and Accountability, State University Press, Pennsylvania, 2007, p. 19. 29 Wampler, p. 20. 30 Wampler, p. 21. 31 Gianpaolo, Heller Silva, p. 65. 32 Gianpaolo, Heller Silva, p. 67. 33 Wampler, p. 106. 34 Wampler, p. 107. 35 F. Magno, Country Report: The Philippines, Global Initiative for Fiscal Transparency, 2013, p. 3. 36 Magno, p. 4. 37 Wampler, p. 113. 38 Wampler, p. 114. 39 Magno, p. 4. 40 Wampler, p. 115. 41 A. Fung, Mary David, Full Disclosure: The Perils and Prom ise of Transparency, Cambridge University Press, 2007, p. 7. 42 Wampler, p. 116. This essay on Citizen Participation in the Budgetary Accountability was written and submitted by user Carissa E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Bodhi Holthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03111588115665737183noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-281468494095041315.post-29618474826082515192020-03-09T19:53:00.001-07:002020-03-09T19:53:02.752-07:00Free Essays on Heroic WarriorsHomerââ¬â¢s great epic poems, The Iliad and The Odyssey, tell different parts of a single epic cycle about Greek military expedition to the distant city of Troy, the war with the Trojans, and the return of the heroes to their cities and kingdoms. In this paper I will discuss the heroic masculinity in Homer. I will also answer the following questions: Do men make themselves by fighting with one another? How do women figure into these fights between men? Do men compete with one another by using women? And what kinds of power do women have in relationships between men? Homer describes heroic masculinity by the willingness of men to fight in the war. According to Homer, you are considered a coward if you do not fight, yet you are considered honorable if you do fight in the war. In The Iliad, Paris is not considered the best of men because he is lowering himself because of the war. The reasoning of the war is because Paris was bribed by Aphrodite, who wanted to be the most beautiful woman in the war, and promised Paris that he could have Menelausââ¬â¢ wife Helen. Because Paris gave Aphrodite her wish, she gave him Helen. Paris is a coward because he isnââ¬â¢t fighting in the war that is considered to be his fault. Instead he is spending time with Helen. How can a soldier be heroic if he isnââ¬â¢t willing to fight for what he wants? Throughout the entire poem, Homer endorses that war makes men. Yet only ââ¬Å"warriorsâ⬠such as Achilles and Agamemnon are the heroic men. It seems that soldiers are only heroic if they were predestined to become great warriors. Many wonder if men make themselves by fighting with other men. In many ways it seems that you are only a man by killing other men. Once they enter the war and fight and kill other soldiers, it makes them have masculine honor. In some cases I feel that isnââ¬â¢t true. In The Iliad two soldiers, Glaukos and Diomedes, have masculine honor between one another... Free Essays on Heroic Warriors Free Essays on Heroic Warriors Homerââ¬â¢s great epic poems, The Iliad and The Odyssey, tell different parts of a single epic cycle about Greek military expedition to the distant city of Troy, the war with the Trojans, and the return of the heroes to their cities and kingdoms. In this paper I will discuss the heroic masculinity in Homer. I will also answer the following questions: Do men make themselves by fighting with one another? How do women figure into these fights between men? Do men compete with one another by using women? And what kinds of power do women have in relationships between men? Homer describes heroic masculinity by the willingness of men to fight in the war. According to Homer, you are considered a coward if you do not fight, yet you are considered honorable if you do fight in the war. In The Iliad, Paris is not considered the best of men because he is lowering himself because of the war. The reasoning of the war is because Paris was bribed by Aphrodite, who wanted to be the most beautiful woman in the war, and promised Paris that he could have Menelausââ¬â¢ wife Helen. Because Paris gave Aphrodite her wish, she gave him Helen. Paris is a coward because he isnââ¬â¢t fighting in the war that is considered to be his fault. Instead he is spending time with Helen. How can a soldier be heroic if he isnââ¬â¢t willing to fight for what he wants? Throughout the entire poem, Homer endorses that war makes men. Yet only ââ¬Å"warriorsâ⬠such as Achilles and Agamemnon are the heroic men. It seems that soldiers are only heroic if they were predestined to become great warriors. Many wonder if men make themselves by fighting with other men. In many ways it seems that you are only a man by killing other men. Once they enter the war and fight and kill other soldiers, it makes them have masculine honor. In some cases I feel that isnââ¬â¢t true. In The Iliad two soldiers, Glaukos and Diomedes, have masculine honor between one another... Bodhi Holthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03111588115665737183noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-281468494095041315.post-18526994517837377272020-02-22T10:20:00.001-08:002020-02-22T10:20:02.639-08:00Cost Drivers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsCost Drivers - Essay Example Finally, cost drivers includes hours of time, number of employees, number of setups, number of wheel, number of enquiries, number of products produced, number of machines maintained, and number of hours of supervision. Cost behaviour normally relate to various activities as well as the consumption of resources ((Hansen et al. 2009). Such resources have costs which are either fixed and do not vary directly with resource usage in the short run or variable and varies in direct proportion to the resource consumption. Activities usually consume resources and the costs of such resources often follow various behavioural patterns (Needles et al. 2010). Since, the supervisors spend an equal amount of time with each employee they supervise, the costs associated with it are fixed, and they do not vary directly with resource usage. Since the building is allocated based on square footage, the costs are variable. There is a direct correlation between amount of space used and the rent. There is also a direct correlation between the Energy or electric power consumed and the number of units produced (Needles et al. 2010). In terms of labour, the costs are variable as they change in direct proportion to the number of units produced. The cost of equipment is fixed and does not vary directly to the units produced. The cost of materials varies in direct proportion to the number of units produced. There is an indirect relationship between amount of supplies and production time. The costs therefore vary in direct proportion to the resource consumption ((Hansen et al. Bodhi Holthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03111588115665737183noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-281468494095041315.post-29807451776138497662020-02-06T03:08:00.001-08:002020-02-06T03:08:02.697-08:00Programming III ( Advanced ) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsProgramming III ( Advanced ) - Assignment Example ation and deserialization is independent of the platform used, that is, data serialized on one machine is able to be deserialized on a completely different machine with a different platform (DAnjou, 2005). Serialization in java has been used mainly to facilitate communication between different machines, for persistence, deep copying, caching and cross java virtual machine synchronization. The use of serialization is advantageous since it allows for refactoring , it is customizable and easy to use, allows encryption, compression and authentication thus facilitating secure computing and lastly, the mechanism allows interchange of libraries between java and other programing languages such as C++ among other advantages. Despite the above stated functions and advantages of serialization in java, there are too many disadvantages associated with serialization. Serialization offers significant overhead thus it cannot be used with large objects. Also, the serialization facilitates increased memory requirements for a system. The use of data serialization also leads to breakage of identity of an objects, and invasion of the programming model. To address this disadvantages and limitations of serialization, an input/output process mechanism has been introduce. This mechanism is referred to as Externalization. Not only is Externalization used to eliminate the limitations of serializations, but also in some cases, it is exclusively required. Externalization refers to the process in which externalizable interface is implemented to facilitates persistence and restoring of the object. Basically, the externizable interface works by extending the serializable interface. Moreover, the externizable interface facilitates definition of custom rules and also, definition of customizable serialization mechanism. Thus, it can be easily said that externalization is an extension of serialization. The process of using Externalization is similar to the implementation process of Bodhi Holthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03111588115665737183noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-281468494095041315.post-86707149427676421892020-01-28T15:53:00.001-08:002020-01-28T15:53:03.481-08:00Different kinds of short story Essay Example for Free Different kinds of short story Essay As there are varieties of subjects, themes and art, there are various types of a short story. Some of the types are ancient tales, humor, satire, fantasy, biography, education, local color, and history. Lets us have a glimpse on each one of them in this article. 1. Ancient Tales It is the power of the utilization of the ancient form of the tale in the modern short story. Italian writer Giovanni Vergas The She-Wolf (1880), and Chinese writer Yeh Shao-Chuns Mrs. Lis Hair are remarkable examples. 2. Fantasy Fantasy stories are nothing but the fair combination of the old tales tradition and the supernatural details. The fine examples of such stories are British writer John Colliers horror fantasy Bottle Party (1939), Irish author Elizabeth Bowens The Demon Lover (1941), and British author Sakis Tobermory (1911). 3. Humor These types of stories are meant for producing surprise and delight. You will see that the most famous humorous tales and fables were written by the Americans. Mark Twains The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County (1865), and Joel Chandler Harriss The Wonderful Tar-Baby Story (1894) are remarkable. There is serious humor in the works of Americans like Eudora Weltys Petrified Man (1939) and Dorothy Parkers The Custard Heart (1939). 4. Satire The main purpose of satire is to attack the evils of society. There are writers who wrote stories of sober satire. Austrian author Arthur Schnitzlers Fate of the Baron (1923), and American Mary McCarthys The Man in the Brooks Brothers Shirt (1941) are known for their somber satire. 5. Education Story Such stories revolve around the education of the main character. The good example is American educator Lionel Trillings Of This Time, of That Place (1944). 6. History History types deal with a life story or historical event. Weltys A Still Moment (a 1943 story about naturalist John James Audubon) is fine example of story dealing with history event. 7. Local Color These types of stories deal with the customs and traditions of rural and small-town life. You can enjoy the local color in the stories of George Washington Cable, Maria Edgeworth, Sarah Orne Jewett, and Mary Wilkins Freeman. These are some of the types you may find in sort story genre. In recent times, stories have more local color, diversities in the representations, making use of dialects, and vernacular impressions. The story writes have been taking somewhat flexibility in writing stories as they wish. Bodhi Holthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03111588115665737183noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-281468494095041315.post-9147597739733658452020-01-20T12:17:00.001-08:002020-01-20T12:17:02.828-08:00The Merger of Allianz Group and Dresdner Bank Essay -- Business Market The Merger of Allianz Group and Dresdner Bank 1. Introduction à à à à à In our days mergers and acquisitions are a predominant feature of the international business system as companies attempt to exploit new market opportunities and to strengthen their market positions. Each year sets a new record for the total value of mergers and acquisitions and nearly every day new announcements are made in the business newspapers. à à à à à In the literature one finds a large number of explanations for the occurrence of mergers and acquisitions. Sometimes, these explana-tions are also applicable to related forms of interindustrial links such as joint ventures or strategic alliances. Therefore it is necessary to define the term merger and acquisition as it will be used throughout this paper. 1.1 Definition of the Term Merger and Acquisition à à à à à Two different phenomena are described by the term merger and acquisition. A merger is a combination of two corporations in which only one survives and the merged corporation goes out of existence. It is a unification of two or more firms into a new one and thus characteri-zed by the fact that after unification there are fewer firms than before. On the contrary can the target firm after an acquisition either remain autonomous or be partially and/or wholly integrated into the new parent company. However, from a legal point of view the firms remain independent entities. à à à à à In most of the cases, one company acquires the majority or minority equity stake in another which is not a true merger in the legal sense. The two companies are not legally united, but form an economic unit where both remain legally independent, a so-called quasi-merger. The term acquisition mainly is used when more than 50% of a company's equity are purchased, i.e. the buyer gains complete control over its target. Equity stakes of lesser percentages are referred to as minority holdings. à à à à à In spite of the legal difference between mergers and acquisi-tions, both terms are often used together. In international business the expression merger and acquisition, abbreviated M & A, or only merger, has become a general term referring to all kind of activities which are related to the selling and buying of a company. It includes classical mergers and acquisitions as well as management-buy-outs and management-buy-ins, minority equity purchases, joint-vent... ...t boost of the operation profitability, a leaner portfolio and reduction of complexity and (the Plus One) sustainable increase of the competitive strength and value. The management expected to increase the total premium income by about 4%. à à à à à Similarly Dresdner Bank started in August 2003 the so-called "New Dresdner" program with the following steps: By the end of 2003 the operational performance was stabilized and at the beginning of 2004 the cost-cutting program adopted and the implementation started. By mid 2004 the revenue growth initiatives started as well as the imple-mentation of the new business model and for end of 2004 a positive net income was expected. By mid 2005 the "New Dresdner" will be imple-mented and by the end of this year cost of capital will be earned. à à à à à Indeed, the results of last year which just now have been published show that 2004 was a year of profitable growth for Allianz. There was a significant increase in the operating profit which rose by â⠬2.8 billion to â⠬6.9 billion and the net income reached â⠬2.2 billion. The banking segment Dresdner Bank reported an operating profit of â⠬603 million in 2004 (operating loss of â⠬369 million in 2003). The Merger of Allianz Group and Dresdner Bank Essay -- Business Market The Merger of Allianz Group and Dresdner Bank 1. Introduction à à à à à In our days mergers and acquisitions are a predominant feature of the international business system as companies attempt to exploit new market opportunities and to strengthen their market positions. Each year sets a new record for the total value of mergers and acquisitions and nearly every day new announcements are made in the business newspapers. à à à à à In the literature one finds a large number of explanations for the occurrence of mergers and acquisitions. Sometimes, these explana-tions are also applicable to related forms of interindustrial links such as joint ventures or strategic alliances. Therefore it is necessary to define the term merger and acquisition as it will be used throughout this paper. 1.1 Definition of the Term Merger and Acquisition à à à à à Two different phenomena are described by the term merger and acquisition. A merger is a combination of two corporations in which only one survives and the merged corporation goes out of existence. It is a unification of two or more firms into a new one and thus characteri-zed by the fact that after unification there are fewer firms than before. On the contrary can the target firm after an acquisition either remain autonomous or be partially and/or wholly integrated into the new parent company. However, from a legal point of view the firms remain independent entities. à à à à à In most of the cases, one company acquires the majority or minority equity stake in another which is not a true merger in the legal sense. The two companies are not legally united, but form an economic unit where both remain legally independent, a so-called quasi-merger. The term acquisition mainly is used when more than 50% of a company's equity are purchased, i.e. the buyer gains complete control over its target. Equity stakes of lesser percentages are referred to as minority holdings. à à à à à In spite of the legal difference between mergers and acquisi-tions, both terms are often used together. In international business the expression merger and acquisition, abbreviated M & A, or only merger, has become a general term referring to all kind of activities which are related to the selling and buying of a company. It includes classical mergers and acquisitions as well as management-buy-outs and management-buy-ins, minority equity purchases, joint-vent... ...t boost of the operation profitability, a leaner portfolio and reduction of complexity and (the Plus One) sustainable increase of the competitive strength and value. The management expected to increase the total premium income by about 4%. à à à à à Similarly Dresdner Bank started in August 2003 the so-called "New Dresdner" program with the following steps: By the end of 2003 the operational performance was stabilized and at the beginning of 2004 the cost-cutting program adopted and the implementation started. By mid 2004 the revenue growth initiatives started as well as the imple-mentation of the new business model and for end of 2004 a positive net income was expected. By mid 2005 the "New Dresdner" will be imple-mented and by the end of this year cost of capital will be earned. à à à à à Indeed, the results of last year which just now have been published show that 2004 was a year of profitable growth for Allianz. There was a significant increase in the operating profit which rose by â⠬2.8 billion to â⠬6.9 billion and the net income reached â⠬2.2 billion. The banking segment Dresdner Bank reported an operating profit of â⠬603 million in 2004 (operating loss of â⠬369 million in 2003). Bodhi Holthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03111588115665737183noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-281468494095041315.post-36652522233143172802020-01-12T08:41:00.001-08:002020-01-12T08:41:04.267-08:00A Culture of Professionalism EssayOne of the challenges of making Kamak a professional organization is to get Pete, the Managing Director, to change his leadership style that is suitable to the organizational culture. First and foremost, Pete has to accept that he is merely a driver of that culture rather than its measure, and that he should get in touch with the realities of that culture. His personal actions as the main representative of management impact the assessment of organizational culture being that management practices are a significant dimension of it. It is measured through ââ¬Å"the fairness and consistency with which policies are administered, the accessibility of management to employees, the degree to which management provides a safe working environment and how well management encourages diversity.â⬠(Jolly & Recarda, 1997). Given that, he must be prepared to act in a way that promotes and implements the policies and good management practices. à à à à à à à à à à à The members of the staff, on the other hand, seem keen on getting their opinions heard but they are having difficulty given the current situation. Moreover, confidentiality or a semblance of it is apparently an important condition before anyone will step forward and communicate an opinion. Since a face-to-face and one-on-one meeting opportunity is hard to come by, the best option at this time would be to express their opinion in writing and leave it anonymously and hope actions will be considered and forthcoming or sign it and explicitly request for a private meeting to discuss it. à à à à à à à à à à à In a professional organization, continuity and consistency are important in order to instill a set of values, beliefs and practices that are understood and shared by its members. Unilateral and regular changes in policies merely tend to confuse especially since the organization has only recently evolved from a local organization to one that deals with international companies and has yet to homogenize. However, dealing with international companies would also mean having enough flexibility to adapt to the constantly changing environments and demands and thus, it is prudent to aim for continuous improvement as opposed to drastic changes. Consistency with policies and practices and service commitments can still be maintained and merely the strategy will be amended. It is essential, though, that to make a change successful, that change must be properly communicated. à à à à à à à à à à à To achieve professional standards in organizational communication, the elements must be present and developed. This would include the communicators or those engaged in the exchange and sharing of ideas with their assessment and accessibility, the message, the language of interaction, the channel of communication which may be formal such as memoranda and meetings or informal such as casual conversations and the climate of the communication situation which would be the dynamics of interaction that there are no hidden agenda, no repercussions, and the like (Chan & Palo, 2002). à à à à à à à à à à à The organizational culture in Kamak is a networked culture that is ââ¬Å"high in sociability but low in solidarityâ⬠and is still at the low context stage which is ââ¬Å"characterized by considerable dependence on explicitly articulated messagesâ⬠¦ that is usually observed in small firms or start-up firms where the entire operations is in the making and information must be widely distributed and clearly disseminated.â⬠(Chan & Palo, 2002). Hence, the following are essential in its organizational communication: Promote a communication climate that is supportive, i.e., information is widely shared with the aim of progressing towards a climate that is high on empowerment and support; Open alternative modes of communication and utilize and maximize technology such as e-mails especially for information dissemination, fax, voicemail, phone if face-to-face communication is not immediately possible; Conduct regular meeting so that policies are formally introduced, implemented and reinforced; Make use of the grapevine to be in touch with the staff level and would encourage face-to-face interaction between parties making it personal and social; Open a feedback mechanism through suggestion boxes and at the same time, continue to encourage and promote the open-door policy but ensure accessibility in a climate and setting that nurtures confidentiality. References Chan, G.S. & Palo, T. M. (2002). Organizational communication. In G. Chan (Ed.), Managing people in Asian organizations (pp. 229-285). Singapore: Prentice Hall. Jolly, J. and Recardo, R. (1997). Organizational culture and teams. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 62 (2), 4-9. Bodhi Holthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03111588115665737183noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-281468494095041315.post-44759053284974293172020-01-04T05:05:00.001-08:002020-01-04T05:05:03.210-08:00The Scarlett Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 1213 Words Nathalia Planas Dr. Williams EL3600 7, November 2016 The Scarlett Letter defines Romanticism. During the 1800ââ¬â¢s America was in a identity crisis, the need for literary independence weighed heavily on the culture. There was no set genre that defined America and set them aside from other literatures. Thus resulting in the Romanticism literary movement for their desire of a literature that was all American. The Scarlett Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne who during the 19th century was one of the most famous Romantic writers of his time. The Scarlett Letter defines the elements of Romanticism and best represents this time period. Hawthorne emphasized on human emotions that define your inner true self, not by the morality of social standards. In the novel, Hawthorne use of beauty and meaning behind the ââ¬Å"unspoiled natureâ⬠are used to understand the greater path to spirituality. Throughout the novel, Hester goes from being the character most hated and ridiculed by the town people to a character looked a s a symbol of strength. Hester transition empowers the validity of individualism and embodies the worth of individual freedom. Hawthorne opens the novel with an in depth description of the Prison door, but puts more of a focus on the description of the rose bush. The prison described as dark and gloomy jail cell with no life in it, except the rose bush that continues to flourish. The color of the rose ties together with the color of the scarlett letterShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlett Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1007 Words à |à 5 Pages The Scarlett Letter is a novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850, (but taking place in the mid-1600s), in which he exposes the ideas of legalism as well as the effects of sin in Puritan Boston, Massachusetts. The novel is based around the life of protagonist, Hester Prynne, a woman found guilty of adultery. This act of adultery ended in pregnancy and in order to shame her, a red letter ââ¬Å"Aâ⬠is placed on her clothing so that everyone knows of the sin she committed. While being shamed Hester isRead MoreThe Scarlett Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1551 Words à |à 7 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorneââ¬â¢s acclaimed classic novel, The Scarlett Letter, nature is used to highlight the extreme misconceptions of Puritanical society. Puritanical societyââ¬â¢s values are the complete opposite of natureââ¬â¢s values, and Hawthorne uses elements of nature such as sunlight, the ocean, and the forest to show the contrast between the freedoms of the natural world and the unnatur al constrictions of society. He uses these elements to underline the theme that there is no sin in nature, and thatRead MoreThe Scarlett Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay1898 Words à |à 8 Pagescompared to men also existed in the literature of that era. The Scarlett Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne illustrates the disparity of equality at the time. In this book, the author writes of a woman, Hester Prynne, who committed adultery and bore a child out of wedlock. Hester s punishment handed down by the church resulted in incarceration followed by parading her through the town in an effort to shame her for her misdeeds (Hawthorne). During this time period, women in New York formed a ââ¬Å"FemaleRead MoreAnalysis Of The Scarlett Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1393 Words à |à 6 Pagesback to bite which in the end can hurt people or kill people. The Scarlett Letter is a story in which a woman cheats with another man. The woman is punished publicly, while the man is punished privately or in secret. The story is centered on the letter A that in the case of the book stands for adultery. On the other hand, In Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlett Letter Arthur Dimmesdale is perceived as a saint, but in reality Hawthorne uses this to support the hidden motif of hypocrisy. First and foremostRead MoreThe Sccaffold Scenes In The Scarlett Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne859 Words à |à 4 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne was an American novelist during the Romantic period in the 19th century. He lived in Salem, Massachusetts where his family had lived for five generations. Most of Hawthorneââ¬â¢s works are satires focused around Puritan communities and are partially autobiographies relating to his own life. One of Hawthorneââ¬â¢s most well known works is The Scarlett Letter published in 1850. This novel is set in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the 1640ââ¬â¢s based around the Puritan colony and its strictRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlett Letter 1052 Words à |à 5 PagesTitle: The Scarlett Letter Author: Nathaniel Hawthorne Main Characters (Protagonist/Antagonist), Title, Traits: Hester Prynne: Protagonist, adulterer in the book that has to wear the ââ¬Å"Scarlett Letter Aâ⬠. She is tolerant (endures the scorn and ridicule of public humiliation), motherly, observational, speculative, independent thinker, and radical (her accumulative thoughts of the mistreatment of women throughout the novel). Chillingworth: Antagonist, doctor and husband of Hester. He is seenRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne and His Projected Self in the Scarlett Letter970 Words à |à 4 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne Nathaniel Hawthorne was one of the most influential authors during the Romanticism time period. Hawthorne is most commonly known for his novel, The Scarlett Letter. That novel continues to still be read all over. In fact, I just read it for my history class. Not only can the novel be read for an English, but for a history class as well because of the Puritan background. Nathaniel Hawthorne wasnââ¬â¢t just an author that blended in within his era, he stood out. Hawthorne was uniqueRead MoreThe Effective Use of Symblism in The Scarlett Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne1151 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Scarlett Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne The novel, The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne is an intriguing account of a Puritan community that experiences a breakdown in beliefs. The story deals with a woman, Hester, who commits adultery with a Calvinistic minister resulting in the birth of a child (Martin 110). As compensation for her crime of passion and her refusal to name her lover, Hester is sentenced to wear an embroidered scarlet letter on her bosom. It is this letter, or secretRead MoreDevelopment of Characters in Nathaniel Hawthornes Scarlett Letter953 Words à |à 4 PagesThose elements may include plot, setting, moods, or themes. The Scarlet Letter, penned by Nathaniel Hawthorne, not only includes all of those elements, but also engages and intrigues the reader through the development of the characters. Throughout the novel, many of the characters change or evolve in some way. These changes are shown through their actions, words, thoughts, and feelings. In Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, the au thor develops the characters of Pearl Prynne as candid, HesterRead MoreThe Gift of Evil in The Scarlett Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne764 Words à |à 4 Pages Gifts Of Evil In the book The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne there are many characters who have committed sins. In Puritan community they followed the word of god and banned all sins. These sins in The Scarlet Letter were look as The Black Mans work meaning satans work. The sins committed were harmful and hurtful to people and their souls. Hester and Mr. Dimmesdale committed adultery with bearing a child named Pearl. But Roger Chillingworth committed the worst sin by using his gifts Bodhi Holthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03111588115665737183noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-281468494095041315.post-24216197176861341492019-12-27T01:30:00.001-08:002019-12-27T01:30:04.756-08:00Can Islam live at peacr other faiths Free Essay Example, 2000 words In accordance with one of the attributes motioned in the Quran i. e. As-Salam, God itself is the sign of peace and hence each and every Muslim must follow the path of peace. It has also been noted that as per the teachings of Prophet in Quran, Islam is a religion that is not only the preserver of peace all over, but is also the promoter of peace. It wishes peace and wellbeing to the people of other religions as well. In keeping with one of the excerpts in Quran, reconciliation is the best aspect and not confrontation. This facet means that peace is best and far better as compared to war or violence. It is believed that when the Prophet is availed with two options i. e. reconciliation and confrontation, he would choose peace or reconciliation as it is much easier to follow. Hence, it is quite apparent that Islam and its teachings do not support violence or terrorism but it is a promoter of peace and humanity among the followers i. e. each and every Islam (Peters 291-315). ALIGNMENT OF PEACE IN ISLAM AND OTHER FAITHS Similar to Islamism, peace can be seen as among the core values and principles of other religions as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Can Islam live at peacr other faiths or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now In this regard, the significance and the prevalence of peace and non-violence in Christianity and Hinduism would be vital to discuss (Siddiqui 28-31). Notably, as per the teachings of Jesus, all of his followers must intend to uphold peace and harmony within the society and same should be promoted to other religions as well (Ernst 56-80). In accordance with the principles mentioned within the New Testament, maintaining peace is one of the core principles that each and every follower within the religion of Christianity must comply with. The significance of peace within the religion of Christianity can also be better comprehended from the fact that the word itself has been mentioned more than 90 times in the New Testament. It has been stated in the New Testament that peace is the heart of the life of Jesus and during the course of his existence, the Lord promoted peace as one of his prime teachings. Furthermore, in each of the messages of Jesus for h is followers, peace was being conveyed as significant. Peace is also regarded as identify and virtue of every Christian. Therefore, collectively it can be said that seeking peace and at the same time avoiding conflicts is the duty and responsibility of every Christian as per the teachings of Jesus and message conveyed through Bible (Siddiqui 121-162). Similarly, in the religion of Hinduism and its teachings, peace is regarded as a prominent and non-avoidable element. Bodhi Holthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03111588115665737183noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-281468494095041315.post-51202101842028290502019-12-18T21:18:00.001-08:002019-12-18T21:18:03.901-08:00Business Common Law - 1545 Words HNC BUSINESS COMMON LAW 1 ASSIGNMENT 1 Darina Byrne Explain why it is important to have an intention to create legal relations when making a contract and why is consideration of the parties to the agreement necessary-: Intention to create legal relations can be defined as follows. ââ¬ËAn agreement will only become a legally binding contract if the parties intend this to be so. This will be strongly presumed in the case of business agreements but presumed otherwise if the agreement is of a friendly, social or domestic nature.ââ¬â¢ Source (HNC unit 5 Business law course book) In determining whether the parties intend their agreements to be legally binding the court is guided by two presumptions. Parties to a domestic or socialâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Executed In the case of unilateral contracts, where the offeror promises something in return for the offerees doing something, the promice only becomes enforceable when the offeree has actually preformed th e required act. Past consideration -not valid This category does not actually count as consideration-with past consideration the action is preformed before the promise that it is supposed to be consideration for such action is not sufficient to support a later promise.(ref-: McArdle 1951) Rules relating to consideration Consideration must not be past. Performance must be legal. Performance must be possible. Consideration must move from the promise.(Tweddle v Atkinson(1861)) Consideration must be sufficient but need not be adequate. The court will not intervene to require equality in the value exchanged as long as the agreement has been freely entered into.( Chappell + Co v Nestle co(1959)) In Pinnels case 1602 it was stated that payment of a lesser sum cannot be any consideration for the whole amount owed. This opinion was approved in (Foakes v beer (1884)). However the following will operate to discharge an outstanding debt fully-: Pay ment in kind. Payment at a different place. Payment of a lesser sum by a third party. A composition arrangement between creditors that they will accept part payment of their debts. Source (course notes). Explain why it is important that a contracting partiesShow MoreRelatedBusiness Law Is A Common Study For People Today962 Words à |à 4 Pages1. Introduction In the era of globalization, business law is a common study for people today as commerce has become our trend in the worldwide. In this report, we will mainly focus on the main component of the law of contract which is consideration. Besides, we also will briefly explain the principles of offer and acceptance of offer in our case study. In this report, the principles of consideration consist of four elements which are consideration must be sufficient and need not be adequate, considerationRead MoreThe Business Law Short Essay1215 Words à |à 5 Pages MLC101 Business Law Short Essay Yu Peng YUPC1501 Word Count:1107 Introduction Treasury Legislation Amendment (Small Business and Unfair Contract Terms) Act 2015 ()will affect from 12 November 2016. it has changed some sections to the Australian consumer law. Last version of this law only applicable to the individual consumer, Act 2015 extend the scope to the small business that employs fewer than 20 persons. This thesis will discuss the following questions; ï µWhat is an unfairRead MoreFor Employeeââ¬â¢S Health And Safety: . As Worker Are Doing1583 Words à |à 7 Pagesparties and there should be valid offer and valid acceptance. Contract law has more than an impact on business; it is an inherent part of it. Most business relationships are formalized through contracts. Though contracts can be formed orally, it is good practice to put the terms of a contract in writing. The impact of contract law on business is very vulnerable. In fact, it increases the level of certainty and the security in business relations and gives a party more confidence that the other will doRead MoreThe Principle Of Marketing : Bus 3305 Essay1599 Words à |à 7 Pages1.0 Introduction 2.0 Nature and Sources of Business Law 2.1 The Common Law 2.2. U.S. Constitution 2.3 Statutory law 1.4 Judicial Precedent 3.0 Impacts of the Law On Business 4.0 Ways that the law could be improved. 5.0 Conclusion 1.0 INTRODUCTION In reality the law covers an enormous range of situations and the legal system has a variety of courts and methods for dealing with different types of cases. 1.1 Meaning of Law There is no single meaning of law that is universally adopted. However, legalRead MoreWhy The Income Is Derived As A Contractor1314 Words à |à 6 PagesIntroduction Toby is a highly competent pilot and has extensive amount of experience in flying aircrafts. He has established a separate entity for the purpose of operating his business operations with an objective of earning gains after covering the operational cost and training expenses of the business. Toby works on contract roles for multiple positions depending client requirements. Toby gets the compensation for his duties performed. Legislations applicable under this case In order to identifyRead MoreCase Study : Business Law And The Federal System Of Government1079 Words à |à 5 Pages Unit Name: Business Law Year: 2014 Trimester: 2 Location: VU Sydney Prepared by: Robert Alvarez Unit Code: BLO1105 Unit co-ordinator: Name: Robert Alvarez Location: Footscray Park - Room A339f Contact number: (03) 9919 5147 Contact email: Robert.Alvarez@vu.edu.au Teaching team: name: Carlo Soliman Email: carlo.soliman@vusydney.edu.au Student name: Mohamad AL Masri Student number:Read MoreIntroduction Of Business Law Coursework Assignment1717 Words à |à 7 PagesIntroduction to Business Law Coursework Assignment Question 1 Part 1: In the English system, there are two laws that have a huge and fundamental impact on the English law. These two laws are the most common type of laws that are carried out within the court, either in Crown Court or the Magistrateââ¬â¢s Court. Depending on the seriousness of the damage caused by the breaking the law, not all prosecutions are carried out in the Crown Court. The English Law coincides within two countries of Great BritainRead MoreThe Uniform Commercial Code ( Ucc )1329 Words à |à 6 Pagestradingââ¬â¢s/behavior and negotiations of businesses. It manages the conveys and/or the selling of private property, in other terms personal property. UCC doesnââ¬â¢t state the trading in real property. Well overall, the Uniform Commercial Code institutionalizes business laws within the United States of America. Along with that, it also looks for stability in the states within the country, USA. Also, there are types of contracts, where the Uniform Commercial Code needs to be applied. Some contracts are the exchangeRead MoreThe Legal Reasoning And Interpretation Of The English Legal System Essay1303 Words à |à 6 Pagessystem and to illustrate the legal reasoning and interpretation of law through a range of statutes applicable to ââ¬Ëpropertyââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ënon propertyââ¬â¢ matters; and by explaining how common law is used in conjunction with statute within the english legal system. CONTENTS 1.HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LEGAL SYSTEM 2.COURTS IN THE ENGLISH LEGAL SYSTEM 3.COMMON LAW 4.STATUTE LAW 5.HOW COMMON LAW WORKS IN CONJUNCTION WITH STATUTORY LAW 6.CONCLUSION Read MoreSummary : Fall 2015 ( Take Home ) Mid Term Examinations 1231 Words à |à 5 Pagesplaintiff, which resulted in general and special damages. The plaintiff is owed compensation for medical care and treatment expenses, the economic loss from failing to attend the remainder of the semester of business school, and a loss in prospective wages from future employment. Statement of Law Under the Occupants Liability Act the defendant as an occupier, owed a standard of care to the licensee. The defendant failed to meet this standard of care, resulting in liability for the plaintiff. The plaintiff Bodhi Holthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03111588115665737183noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-281468494095041315.post-25170527833018262592019-12-10T18:01:00.001-08:002019-12-10T18:01:03.865-08:00Case Study on MR. A Fundamental of Investing Question: Case Study on MR. ABackground informationMr. A, who is in his mid 50s, is a senior manager with an MNC manufacturer of computer parts based in Bedok. He has 2 children, a son aged 21 who completed his national service enlistment recently and is preparing for a 3 year enrolment in a UK university this summer (estimated annual expenses for a UK university education is about SGD 70,000 a year) and a daughter aged 17 who is currently in her final year of junior college with the intention of studying at a local university for another four years. Mrs. A, who was previously a full-time homemaker when the children were younger, has just re-entered the labour market, working in the accounts department of a local logistics company.Current situationDue to the rapid technological changes and to the current industry downturn, Mr. A was retrenched and recently received SGD 350,000 in benefits due to his long service. Together with the availability of CPF ( Central Provident Funds ) savings amounti ng to SGD 850,000 which he could withdraw anytime now and personal cash savings of SGD 300,000 in various short term savings and fixed deposits with local banks, Mr. A reckons that he now has liquid funds totalling SGD 1.5 million in cash available for investment to meet his various needs.Investment proposalsMr. A was attracted to the various proposals made by the following persons:1. Ms. Kelly, who works in the wealth management department of Bank X, proposed that Mr. A place his available funds with Bank X for investment management so that it can grow at an average of 8 12 % p.a. (based on the track records of the banks performance for similarly managed investment portfolios over the last 20 years). The money managed by Bank X would be invested in a diversified portfolio comprising local and foreign stocks, bonds as well as liquid investments such as local and foreign currencies. The weightings of the portfolio to be managed for Mr. A as suggested by Ms Kelly would be local stock s ( 50%), bonds ( 20%), foreign stocks (20%) and cash deposits and equivalent including foreign currencies ( 10%) although the individual weightings could be altered to suit Mr. As preference.The minimum amount accepted by Bank X for such an investment proposal is SGD 1 million. Additional funds accepted by Bank X from the same investor account must be in multiples of SGD 100,000 with no upper limit imposed on the amount that it can manage.2. Mr. Lawrence, who is a very experienced Director of Sales at land development and investment Company Y, recommended that Mr. A uses his available funds to co-invest with Company Y in the purchase of outlying land near very established urban towns in the UK and elsewhere at low market rates. According to Mr. Lawrence, Company Y which has track records for the past 10 years in meeting its clientsreturns expectations, guarantees not only to pay back the original capital invested but also a percentage of profits at the end of the 5 year period (sta ted in the investment agreement as amounting to 20 % of the original amount invested after the land value has appreciated following its re-gazetting or being rezoned for urban development by the relevant urban authority concerned). Mr. Lawrence not only assured Mr. A that he will not suffer any losses but also promised Mr. A annual returns of 8.0 % payable quarterly throughout the tenure of his investment.The minimum investment amount is SGD 50,000 but most of the clients have invested at least SGD 250,000 or more, according to Mr. Lawrence. Mr. Lawrence was able to show testimonials of existing clients who were highly satisfied with their investments made through Company Y over the years.3. Mr. Michael, who recently joined Company Z (a firm specialising in the marketing of investments in energy related assets such oil fields and gas extractions) as Senior VP for Marketing, strongly recommended that Mr. A set aside funds for a maximum tenure of 3 years to invest through his firm. Ac cording to Mr. Michael, the expected returns amount to 3 % every 3 months on the total amount invested, with fixed payment dates of the returns and principals at the end of every quarter. The investments from clients would be secured through first charges or lien on specific oil fields located in North America where the oil reserves would be independently certified by oil and gas experts. Such investments which are duly documented (prepared by lawyers who are experts in this field) have proven track records as the Company Z which Mr. Michael is working for has tied up with middlemen having connections with the oil majors to pre-sell the oil in the reserve fields to achieve the desired returns in a series of pre-sell agreements. According to Mr. Michael, in this way investors can then be assured of getting their returns as the whole investment process will be documented and above board.Mr. Michael who was previously with an investment company promoting gold and related investments, s uggested that if Mr. A invested sufficiently and diligently now, the returns to be achieved would be more than adequate to fund his sons education over the next 3 years. Moreover, as Mr. A has known and trusted Mr. Michael for the last 10 years, he is seriously considering this proposal.AssumptionsThe house in Bishan that Mr. A and his family currently live in is fully paid for. He has more than adequate insurance policies to cover his entire family needs for medical and long term life planning needs as various policies were purchased years ago when he first started working. It can be further assumed that property investments and insurance coverage will not be considered by Mr. A in his current investment decision deliberations. For the purpose of this case study, Mr. A also does not wish to consider placing the funds back with CPF Board or to directly purchasing annuities, listed equities and mutual funds (unit trusts) from insurance companies, banks, brokers or investment houses. There is also no need to consider bank fees and charges, capital gains and income taxes in Mr. As investment decision making process.As to the economic environment in Singapore, the interest rate for short to medium term deposits can be assumed to be 1.0 % p.a. while the annual inflation rate is about 4.0 % p.a.AssignmentBased on your understanding of the investment tools and concepts that you have learned thus far, explain how you can use the same tools and concepts to advise Mr. A.Discuss your recommendation(s) on how and with whom Mr. A should or should not invest the cash he has on hand. Analyse the relative merits, demerits and risks involved and discuss the potential outcomes if Mr. A were to take up all your recommendations. Besides considering the 3 proposals outlined in the case, you can also discuss additional suggestion(s) and/or alternative(s) where appropriate (considering the various assumptions mentioned) all of which must be duly supported by sound and detailed argum ents. Answer: Introduction Investment is one of the major decision making which very done via assessing the feasibility and every possibility of risk and return. There are various types of investment avenues present for the Mr.A who is currently is unemployed and are looking for higher return with low risk taking. Since, Mr. A is situated at Singapore , therefore the chosen investment areas would be driven out of the Singapore investment analysis (Nelken, 2006). As per the given case study Mr. A is considering various investment opportunities that is provided by the various fund managers. The study will keep track of the current investment opportunity available within the Singapore. Apart from that, the study will focuses on the risk and return of the every available opportunity. Supply and Demand As per the case study , there are majorly three types of investment avenues given to Mr.A who is looking to invest in energy sector because of the Michael his friend which is assuring the return worth of 20%. Mr. A planned for investing money for the new plant. However, Mr A considers the offer of his friend Michael and willing to invest in the energy. According to the Michael, price of oil and other energy related products such as electricity and oil and gas , etc has been increased rapidly. Apart from that, the current market analysis demonstrated that organisation in energy business industry make more profit. According to Daley and Matthews (2012), in the world, Singapore is the premier hub of oil as well as gas. The contribution of oil and gas of Singapore is more than 5% within the oil and gas industry of the world. Moreover, market review report of Hargreaves and Dragon (2013) displayed that growth rate of energy industry is much high rather than other investment. Moreover, acc ording to the National Energy Policy Report of 2007, the growth rate of energy sector achieves more than 11% profit rather than other industry from the point of view of investment. Furthermore, the market analysis report of SP demonstrated that in oil and gas industry, Singapore will grow their business with SGP 1.47 billion. This analysis reports demonstrates the investment will success in oil and gas industry and make more profit for investors rather than other investment. On the other hand, Kenourgios (2014) argued that there are various types of mutual funds portfolio from the viewpoint of investment such as insurance bonds, debt, equity. These are some of the major investment areas for investor in terms of making more money. However, Ms. Kelly suggested to the Mr. A for investing SGD 1 million into their business. Moreover, Ms. Kelly also promised to Mr. A regarding return on investment. According to Ms. Kelly, if the Mr. A invest SGD 1 million in their business, he will return 9-13% per year. The demand of equity and share has been rising. However, there is higher risk on investment on the business of Ms. Kelly because the market of the company became crash in 2008. According to the Singapore loyal authority, the needs and demands of real estate in higher in the Singapore country. However, Kung and Wong (2009) argued that in 2008 the housing industry bubbled. It demonstrated the major drawback of housing industry of Singapore. In relation to the housing industry of Singapore, pricing of the pretty has been increased in the year of 2008. Therefore, Plunus, Gillet and Hbner (2012) suggested that the real estate industry of Singapore has rumour. The rumour is that pricing of real estate industry may bounce back in the year of 2016. YI and TAN (2009) cited that the real estate industry of Singapore has the strongest fundamentals in Asia Specific region. According to Daley and Matthews (2012), the real estate market of Singapore may continue for long term despite. Due to the plentiful supply of space, the real estate industry of Singapore may brings back their remain stability within 2015 and 2016. The main issue of real estate industry in Singapore is decrease of rental rates. However, the growing demand of space especially the high tech space can helps in decreasing lower rental rates for the traditional units or older. Investor profiling As per the case MR.A is looking to invest its money which will give enough pays his bills and manage its son and higher studies. Mr. A is not looking right kind of investment opportunity to increase its ROI with ,lower amount of risk within the business. Since he is first time investor his looking to invest within its friend Michael because trustworthiness on him. However, the standard portfolio must have various types investment option which helps the Mr.A to manage its loss. Since the Ms.Kelly is asking the MrA. To invest more on equity but Mr.A funds that investing portfolio is bit riskier so he opted for investing only few money which is 105 of its entre money. Standard portfolio of Mr A. Investments $SGD Equity 10% 15000 Fixed bond 25% 375000 Foreign currencies 10% 15000 Investment in energy sector 40% 60000 Insurance 15% 22500 From the above it has been found that, Mr.A is looking to invest more in energy sector because he is basis towards his friends thought. Energy sector is currently growing worth of 3% per quarter which is more than 125 of growth . apart from that, the profiling also shows that Mr.A is not interests in investing the equity more because he is risk averse (Wu, 2012). Apart from that large part of investment will able to make within the fixed bond which is guaranteed by the government of Singapore and apex bank of Singapore for minimum return of 20%. This shows that, Mr. has various lucrative investment which is attracting the customers base. However, investment in real estate is not been because poor growth of real estate in Singapore market. As per the CNBC, Singapore real estate and land dealing is on the verge of housing bubble (Chua Chou, 2010). Life cycle Life cycle of the energy sector and other investor sector as per the SGX shows that, it is growing with slow proportion because of recent recession of 2008 has affected the economy. Current inflation are of Singapore shows 2.4 in 2013 in compare to 4.5% which was higher in 2012. Energy sector is booming but with new laws and regulation is not been helpful for the investors (Fu et al. 2008). Rising environmental laws and cartel formed by OPPEC nations has been creating very rise in the price of the shares. Investment profiling for Mr. A Years of investment Return as per case in % Return of investment Equity 2 years 18% 8850 Bond 3years 50% 45000 Forex 10 years 10.5% 41437.5 Investment in energy sector 3 years 12% 84000 Real Estate 5 years 20% 36000 From the above data , it shows that, lifecycle of the total investment as per the case is shows that maximum gain from the energy sector. Apart from that next best alternative would be investing shares and bonds would give the Mr. A higher return in compare to real estate (Lecomte Ooi, 2012). Real estate is also one of the booming industries of the Singapore but fails to maintain its growth which because of the price of land is higher and investors are not willing to buy because of rising in the inflations. Legal framework and ethics As stated by, Tan (2014) SEA refers to the Securities and Future Act helps to set regulations for the business companies in order to enter into the capital market of Singapore. Securities and Future Act provides some regulation about the activities and institutions of futures, derivatives industry that includes trading of foreign exchange, clearing facilities and other connected matters. On the other hand, Crump (2006) argued that, Financial Advisors Act 110 also has set some regulations for the business houses in order to enter into the capital market of Singapore. CMSL refers to the Capital Market Services License of Singapore that provides the guidelines of grant management for the business companies those operate effective business within the market of Singapore. CMSL capital market licensing therefore are involved under the act of Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). Therefore, all market intermediaries those have the CMSL licensing are often falls under the Monetary Authority of Singapore (Linton,2008). These are the governing bodies of regulation for the business companies who have the interest to do business within this area. Therefore, the person as well as the organization needs to take the authorization from these bodies of Singapore Government. In order to take initiatives of ethical trade in this area, one must follow the rules and regulations of these bodies. The organization needs to take authorization from these houses of bodies for ensuring equity and market of bond within this area of Singapore (Zhang Majid, 2009). There are various reports that has produced the information that, Singapore Stock Exchange (SGX) hold more than 1100 market intermediaries under the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). On the other hand, The Companies Act 50 mainly deals with the stock market related things of the entire company. Ethical Trading: As stated by, Crump (2006) ethical trading involves many activities like promoting products and service in accordance with the rule of ethic of business. Ethical trade means providing more safety towards the workers of the organization. The initiatives of Ethical Trading seek to provide improvement and development in the lives of workers, suppliers and manufactures of different business organization. Working condition of the people who make consumer goods and other services for the organization has been tried to develop by the members of Ethical Trading Initiative organization. Therefore, Rana (2009) stated that, while delivering trade into the capital market of Singapore, SGX follows some rules as well as regulations and norms, those are as follows: A company should not share the internal information of the trading initiatives Company should take fair brokerage prices from all customers Every investor should get equal opportunities to invest into the market. Therefore, every investor should get fair and equal chance to invest into the business operation of an organization. Therefore, the consumers should not be forced by anybody for investing into the operation of business. The workers should be paid as per the rule of wages of this particular country Living wages should be paid to the workers. Therefore, discrimination should not be practiced by any business organization. Risk and Return Some of the major risk and return of various investment avenues are : Equity: Investments in equity is one of most prominent option for investors. There has been ample evidence which shows that investing in equity has given the more than 125 of return but risk is higher in compare to other is higher. The economic turmoil 2008 is one of the major reasons for uncertainty (Lecomte Ooi, 2012). Bonds: Bond are one of the most risk free investment but the retain in bonds are lower in compare to equity . Bonds has lower return but is safer and guaranteed by the government and banks . Forex: Investing foreign exchange is very much riskier because value of foreign exchange fluctuates on daily basis. For instance, 1 US $ = 136 in 204 but in 2102 it was 1.10. Real estate: Investing in real estate is very riskier currently as the sector is going to face housing bubble (Lecomte Ooi, 2012). Energy sector: Investments in energy sector is higher in compare to the other sector because of growth of the energy sector is 3 per quarters. One of the major risk would be changing environmental policy may lead cause higher loss. Time value of money The time value of money suggest that investment in Equity would be more riskier in compare to others investment patterns . Investing in equity , real estate and energy sector will improve the Mr. A portfolio. Investment profiling for Mr. A Years of investment Return of investment Equity 2 years 8850 Investment in energy sector 3 years 84000 Equity : NPV=-27000 + 8850 /1.18 +8850/(1.39) =150000 + 7500+6367 =-136133 Energy sector = -150000 + 56000+37333+ 24926 =31741 With the help of the NPV , it has been found that time value of money can be calculated on the basis of the NOPV. Higher the NPV higher would be chances choosing the investment avenues. Here the investment in equity is higher but there is ample amount of risk in equity which why the chosen the investment avenues would be energy sector. Analysis of different of investment Investment in Real Estate Market: The real estate market of Singapore is one of the most strongest fundamentals in the Asia Specific region. However, recently the market of real estate in Singapore is not worth. Due to several reasons such as housing bubble, make the market of real estate robust. From the point of view of investment, Mr. Lawrence promises to the Mr. A for returning more than 20% profit on investment of SGD 1 million (Tu et al. 2008). However, the current market analysis of real estate industry utilized that chance of many losing in investment on real estate market is higher rather than investment on other industry (Judge and Korzhenitskaya, 2012). Chance of losing money for Mr. A is higher because supply of space is low due to increase of global finance. Investment on Capital Market: According to Hargreaves and Dragon (2013), investment on the capital market is one of the most secure way for the investors. The current capital market of Singapore is grow higher and higher. Therefore, investor has chance to increase investment in the capital market. In order to invest money for Mr. A it has been said that he has to invest money in separate mutual funds such as foreign stocks, bonds, foreign currencies, equity, insurance, etc. Investment in Energy Sector: It is the most prominent sector in the region of Singapore in terms of growth rate. The growth rate of energy sector is higher rather than other industry in Singapore (Judge and Korzhenitskaya, 2012). It has been seen that Michael offers to Mr. A for returning more than 3% profit in each quarter. It is the most lucrative investment rather than other offers that Mr. A accepted. However, the most valuable thing is that energy sector of Singapore runs under the government regulations. Therefore, chances of losing money have low risks. Money Market: It is also an area of investing money. In order to invest money in money market, need to bond with the purchase for less than six month. Analysis of different investment proposal Mutual fund: Investments in equity , bonds and forex is very much diversify the range of risk which will benefit the Mr.A . Apart from that, the mutual fund is higher risk because of the variation within the equity market. Energy sector: Investments in energy sector is higher and is much safer because demand of energy like oil and gas is never lowered since 2004. Energy sector si one of the booming industry within the Singapore because of the 3% increase in every quarter which more than 12% increase. Recommendation Credit risk within the energy sector is lower because of the debt and equity ratio is lower with 0.21% . Most of the investment equity financing because of the rising price of the fuel and other sources like electricity and other limited resources. Modus operandi for energy sector would be within the Singapore market is attributed by MAUT which manage to wholesale selling of the shares and managing the pricing volatility within the existing market. Energy sector in Singapore are selling largely to wholesale supplier rather than to retail suppliers. Guaranteed return is backed by the EMA (energy market authority) which is major regulatory body for the energy sector of Singapore. Yes successful Materialization of payments tempt for more funds because of the rise in the share price of the energy sector is higher in compare to other investment avenues like equity or real estate. One of the major marketing techniques of the oil and gas company is showing off their sustainability programme which makes the investor to purchase the shares because of the large part of investment is made in CSR activities. Conclusion From the above study, it has been found that, MR.A has various options for investment such as equity, real estate and energy sector. There has been ample evidence which shows that, major fundamental of investment is to gain higher ROI form the investment. With the help of time value money , investment made in energy sector will gain the company highest return. Besides that, the study also shows that credit risk within the energy sector is lower in compare to the equity or other form of investment avenues. Reference list Books Nelken, I. (2006). Hedge fund investment management. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann. Wu, K. (2012). Energy Economy in China. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Company. Journals Chua, K., Chou, S. (2010). Energy performance of residential buildings in Singapore. Energy, 35(2), 667-678. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2009.10.039 Fu, Y., Jennen, M. (2008). Office Construction in Singapore and Hong Kong: Testing Real Option Implications. J Real Estate Finance Econ, 38(1), 39-58. doi:10.1007/s11146-008-9145-z Lecomte, P., Ooi, J. (2012). Corporate Governance and Performance of Externally Managed Singapore Reits. The Journal Of Real Estate Finance And Economics, 46(4), 664-684. doi:10.1007/s11146-012-9377-9 Tu, Y., Ong, S., Han, Y. (2008). Turnovers and Housing Price Dynamics: Evidence from Singapore Condominium Market. J Real Estate Finance Econ, 38(3), 254-274. doi:10.1007/s11146-008-9155-x Daley, J. and Matthews, K. (2012). Competitive conditions in the Jamaican banking market 19982009.International Review of Financial Analysis, 25, pp.131-135. Hargreaves, C. and Dragon, M. (2013). Predicting the Technology Market Index Using Import Export Trade: A Technology Trade Application in Singapore.Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 1(4), p.59. Judge, A. and Korzhenitskaya, A. (2012). Credit market conditions and the impact of access to the public debt market on corporate leverage.International Review of Financial Analysis, 25, pp.28-63. Kenourgios, D. (2014). On financial contagion and implied market volatility.International Review of Financial Analysis, 34, pp.21-30. Kung, J. and Wong, W. (2009). Profitability of Technical Analysis in the Singapore Stock Market: before and after the Asian Financial Crisis.Journal of Economic Integration, 24(1), pp.135-150. Plunus, S., Gillet, R. and Hbner, G. (2012). Reputational damage of operational loss on the bond market: Evidence from the financial industry.International Review of Financial Analysis, 24, pp.66-73. YI, Z. and TAN, S. (2009). AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF STOCK MARKET INTEGRATION: COMPARISON STUDY OF SINGAPORE AND MALAYSIA.Singapore Econ. Rev., 54(02), pp.217-232. Crump, L. (2006). Competitively-Linked and Non-Competitively-Linked Negotiations: Bilateral Trade Policy Negotiations in Australia, Singapore and the United States. International Negotiation, 11(3), 431-466. Rana, P. (2009). BOOK REVIEW: "Trade Policy, New Century: The WTO, FTAs, and Asia, Rising". Singapore Econ. Rev., 54(04), 709-711. Tan, S. (2014). Law Firm Internships and the Making of Future Lawyers: An Empirical Study in Singapore. Legal Ethics, 17(1), 79-106. doi:10.5235/1460728x.17.1.79 Linton, A. (2008). Ethical Trade Initiatives. Globalizations, 5(2), 227-229. doi:10.1080/14747730802057613 Zhang, X., Majid, S. (2009). Environmental Scanning Initiatives of SMEs in Singapore. Libri, 59(2). doi:10.1515/libr.2009.011 Bodhi Holthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03111588115665737183noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-281468494095041315.post-79214508982766809312019-12-03T05:43:00.001-08:002019-12-03T05:43:03.376-08:00Why You Should Guest Blog When it comes to guest blogging, some experts swear by it as a proven strategy for driving traffic to your website and growing your audience. Others, however, believe it doesnââ¬â¢t deliver enough value to justify the time and effort. But Iââ¬â¢m going to go out on a limb and say that guest blogging is far from dead. In fact, it should be a mandatory strategy for anyone starting a new website or looking to scale up. Here are just a few of the benefits of guest blogging. 1. SEO Bump Guest blogging is one of the most effective ways to build a set of quality inbound links, which can greatly improve your search engine performance. Usually, youââ¬â¢ll get to include the URL of your website in your author bio and you can link to the guest post on your own blog. Earning some good backlinks will also boost your domain authority. This tactic worked for Silvio Porcellana of mob.is.it ââ¬â a tool used to produce mobile websites. He embarked on an ambitious guest-blogging mission in order to bring more traffic to his website. After 44 guest posts, he found that traffic to his site increased by 44 percent and his websiteââ¬â¢s domain authority rose by 5. 2. More Opportunities for Exposure If you write for a popular blog in your niche, the exposure can be priceless. You can get further engagement by being active in the comments section of your post. Not only will you get a chance to build relationships with others in your industry, but a quality discussion in the comments will also drive traffic to your website. 3. Greater Authority and Credibility Not only does guest blogging enhance your brand identity, it also helps to show off your expertise in your industry. If you can establish yourself, and by extension your company, as a leader in a certain area, readers will be more likely to look at you as a potential solution in the future. 4. Growing your Email List Guest blogging is a powerful way to drive new visitors to your website. And since theyââ¬â¢ve already had some experience with you through your post, they may be interested in receiving more content from you. This is a prime opportunity to get them to sign up for a recurring newsletter so you can keep engaging and keep your company top-of-mind. Bryan Harris of Videofruit used this tactic to great success ââ¬â within two days of his guest post on OkDorkââ¬â¢s blog going live, his email list grew by 12%. Make sure that the sign up to your newsletter is easy and that you reiterate the value they can expect. Profound Opportunities Guest blogging used to be seen as nothing more than an exercise in link building. While the potential to develop a solid set of inbound links still exists, guest blogging has evolved into so much more. In todayââ¬â¢s competitive digital marketing environment, a guest post acts as a brand-building tool that enhances your credibility and opens the door to new relationships. Bodhi Holthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03111588115665737183noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-281468494095041315.post-21662083201162935602019-11-27T11:31:00.001-08:002019-11-27T11:31:05.198-08:00Cost-based and Competitive -based pricing EssaysCost-based and Competitive -based pricing Essays Cost-based and Competitive -based pricing Essay Cost-based and Competitive -based pricing Essay When deciding which of the two methods will be more effective in our working field we took into consideration the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods. We have decided that the market in these days is too risky to use cost-based pricing for our product because it is hard to predict what is going to be the reaction of the purchasers and also we do not know how well the product is going to be sold. In case we fail to sell the predicted amount of our watches we will be forced to increase the price in order to save our company from bankruptcy . To sum it all up there are too many disadvantages in the usage of cost-based pricing. On the other hand such is not the case of competitive based pricing where disadvantages are fewer and risks not so dangerous. We have decided that the only risk when choosing this path is that if we set a price slightly higher than the production cost and the rival brands keep their share of the market we are surely going to bankrupt. Also competitive-based pricing offers a wide variety of sub-methods which can lead to higher profits. In this type of method we are closely observing the competition the quality of their products, prices they set and their ability to survive in a continuous price war and the introduction of a rival brand. We are not going to use a method of high pricing in order to imply that our product is very unique because there are too many illustrious competitors and it is going to be close to impossible to take over even a small share of the market while offering prices as high as theirs. Our company is also against the policy of using predatory pricing. That is a very incompatible method for our brand of watches it is illegal in some countries and is again very risky if the competition is able to respond to this method. We do not have enough finances to pull this off. We intend to take over a large share of the market not momentarily but slowly and steadily. We are also not intending to create a market niche for our product. Our main goal is to offer a price slightly higher that our production cost and lower than competitor prices in order to make a small profit while establishing ourselves as a major watch brand. Conclusion: In conclusion, by considering all the information presented in the analysis and the specifics of the pricing we decided the usage of the competitor-orientated method for our product in order to obtain major share of the market. Of course, there are many advantages and disadvantages for choosing both the cost-based and the competitor-orientated method. Having in mind that our product is widely used we considered that this pricing strategy will help us eliminate a great part of the competition and satisfy our customers needs and wants, which are our aims. This pricing method will be in assistance for the fast penetration of our product on the market and in the field of business relationships. We run the calculated risk of bankruptcy if there are not enough sales and if customers are not convinced in the quality of our product. Otherwise, we will have the opportunity to approve on the market with a great brand name and a good company position. Bibliography Sources used: 1. Blythe, J. (2001). Essentials of Marketing (2nd ed.). FT: Prentice Hall. 2. Kotler and Armstrong. (2001). Principles of Marketing (9th ed.). Prentice hall. 3. Jobber, D. (2001). Principles Practice of Marketing (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill Company. 4. Mercer, D. (1992). Marketing. Blackwell Publishers. 5. Baked, M. (1994). The Marketing Book (3rd ed.). Butterworth Heinemann. 6. Etzel, M. (2004). Marketing (12th ed.). Mcgraw-Hill/ David Brake. 7. Oliver, G.(1995). Marketing Today (4th ed.). Prentice Hall. 8. Blagoev, V. (2003). Marketing (2nd ed.). 9. The Product Life Cycle. (2008). Retrieved October 14, 2008, from quickmba.com/marketing/product/lifecycle/ Bodhi Holthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03111588115665737183noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-281468494095041315.post-72307183037167093462019-11-23T19:06:00.001-08:002019-11-23T19:06:02.495-08:00buy custom Career Background in Business essaybuy custom Career Background in Business essay I consider having a strong career background in business as the major reason behind my wish to enroll for a business course at the Lakeland College. I am interested in the field of business because I have a strong passion for business related studies, which I drew from various observations that I have made around the world. The essence f my desire emanate from my first encounter with real economics after reading a book titled misunderstanding by Larry Lang who is a renowned economist. I believe that studying this course will enable me come face to face with various economic issues that the society encounters on a day-to-day basis. This will in turn offer me an opportunity to collaborate with other people in search of solutions. I am also enthusiastic about economics, especially when it comes to international market dynamics. My keen interest is usually focused on understanding how international business is conducted among different countries or regions around the world. This is becau se I believe that business drives the world in many ways. Research is a vital academic undertaking that I believe has the potential to change the society in many ways. I believe that such undertakings are particularly crucial in business relaed endeavors. Therefore, I am confident that Lakeland College has a suitable environment to enable me do research in various areas in the field of business. This is because the institution is reputed for its quality in terms of education it offers. Besides, I have a lot of interest when it comes to researching and analyzing different economy related issues. Having done Global Pathway as a course at Northeastern University, I developed vital research skills. I was successfully able to write a capstone research project on principals of macroeconomics and pre-calculus, hence gaining a lot of knowledge about how to write a successful academic research paper. This is because I gained enough basic skills that are required when researching and writing reports about a particular project. In this line, I also participated in various programs where I contributed in different ways. During the weekends, I used to volunteer at a local child center and some time at a food bank. This gave me a real feeling of how business can be integrated with life, especially in terms of improving the standards of living by having better economic environments. In addition, I learnt how to interact with people hence improving my observation skills that enable me relate things easily and accurately. Countries that are big businesswise mainly influence the global economy. Therefore, I believe that having a Chinese background will offer me an opportunity to study the Chinese business dynamics since the country does a lot of trade with most if not all countries around the world. Therefore, I will be able to relate culture and traditions with business and establish different phenomena associated with them. Being an adept in English speaking and writing gives me an advantage of pursuing this course. This is because the course is offered in English language, hence posing no risk of ineffective learning because of a language barrier. Moreover, my first encounter with the Chinese economy was courtesy the Larry Lang book that talks about problem contradictions. This will enable me learn international business better. During free time, I like listening to music and playing tennis as well as painting. In addition, I can pay a violin, thus showing my interest in music too. In other words, I m interested in artwork. I believe that the Lakeland College is the best place for me to pursue my career dreams and at the same time enjoy education alongside my hobbies. I am looking forward to your consideration. Buy custom Career Background in Business essay Bodhi Holthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03111588115665737183noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-281468494095041315.post-58675783980349640622019-11-21T05:39:00.001-08:002019-11-21T05:39:10.405-08:00Homelessness in U.S Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsHomelessness in U.S - Essay Example Given the current economic constraints, some people argue that the homeless people are freeloaders, who are unwilling to work extra hard so as they can afford to live in a place, which is not only safe, but also healthy for themselves, as well as their families. Therefore, this essay tends to clarify this issue by examining the main causes of homelessness within the United States, its effects, while at the same time giving a recommendation on what has to be done in tackling this problem. Causes There are various reasons leading to people becoming homeless, as well as the combination of causes leading to homelessness within the United States, which tend to vary from different individuals. The National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty (2011) notes these causes including high cost and scarcity of housing; it is hard, according to Mayock and Carr (2008), if not impractical, for individuals with low-income, together with families to get affordable housing within the US. The majority o f the houses available in the United States are extremely expensive; therefore, it is easy for low income earners to acquire them (USA Institute for Children, Poverty & Homelessness, 2011). Secondly, poverty, literacy, joblessness and education happen to be another significant cause of homelessness within the United States. Poverty has a close connection with homelessness. When people do not have income for meeting all their needs, they get compelled to make a choice between housing, childcare, utilities, food, transportation and healthcare (Carter, 2011). Mayock and Carr (2008) claim that, even though a high percentage of homeless individuals has employment, their incomes are in most cases not enough to make certain that housing stability while the majority of people lack jobs, which living wages, high job security, as well as health insurance. Additionally, a lack of educational opportunities restricts accessibility to living-wage jobs (USA Institute for Children, Poverty & Homele ssness, 2011). The third leading cause of homelessness within the United States happens to be domestic violence: This is a factor in homelessness especially for women with children. Research shows that up to half of homeless women along with children might have gone through domestic violence before becoming homeless (National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty, 2011). The majority of homeless youth and young adults have experienced violence within their homes. Fourthly, effects of mental illness and drug addiction also play a key role in the problem of homelessness within the United States. Most people with complex life issues connected to mental illness as well as substance use are amongst homeless persons compared to the general population (National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty, 2011). In the United States, about 25 percent of homeless people are living with acute mental illness with alcohol and drug use being noteworthy amongst a huge group of homeless persons (National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty, 2011). Apparently, issues related to untreated mental illness, together with substance abuse affect housing stability, as well as success (USA Institute for Children, Poverty & Homelessness, 2011). Institutional release to homelessness happens to another major cause of homelessness in the United Stat Bodhi Holthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03111588115665737183noreply@blogger.com0